Role of Leukocyte Activation and Inflammatory Reaction in Chronic Venous Insufficiency_CHINESE JOURNAL OF BASES AND CLINICS IN GENERAL SURGERY

Authors：

WEN Xuegang , HE Yanzheng , LIU Yong

Department of Vascular Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Luzhou Medical College, Luzhou 646000, China;

Corresponding author：

Keywords：

Leukocyte activation,Chronic venous insufficiency,Venous hypertension,Venous remodeling,Venous ulcer

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【Abstract】 Objective To discuss the role of leukocyte activation and inflammatory processes in the disease of chronic venous insufficiency （CVI）. Methods The relevant literatures about the role of leukocyte activation and inflammatory reaction in CVI were reviewed. Results The role of inflammatory reaction in occurrence and development of venous diseases has been studied a lot in recent years. It was found that the leukocyte activation and inflammatory reaction are involved in the structural remodeling of venous valves and walls, leading to valvular incompetence and formation of varicose veins. Conclusion Leukocyte activation and inflammatory processes take important roles in the occurrence and progression of CVI.

Citation： WEN Xuegang,HE Yanzheng,LIU Yong. Role of Leukocyte Activation and Inflammatory Reaction in Chronic Venous Insufficiency. CHINESE JOURNAL OF BASES AND CLINICS IN GENERAL SURGERY, 2008, 15(3): 227-230. doi: Copy

1.	29 Bergan JJ. Chronic venous insufficiency and the therapeutic effects of Daflon 500 mg [ J ] . Angiology, 2005; 56 Suppl 1 ∶ S21.
2.	王深明. 下肢深静脉瓣膜功能不全的外科治疗 [J]. 中国普外基础与临床杂志， 2006; 13(6)∶629.
3.	王昆, 乔正荣, 时德. 腓肠肌泵与下肢慢性静脉功能不全 [J]. 中国普外基础与临床杂志， 2002； 9(1)∶249.
4.	乔正荣, 时德. 下肢慢性静脉功能不全发病机理的临床研究 [J]. 中国普外基础与临床杂志， 2003; 10(3)∶249.
5.	张智辉, 张皓. 白细胞激活在静脉疾病中的作用 [J]. 上海医学， 2004; 27(4)∶281.
6.	张智辉, 张皓, 张柏根. 白细胞激活-慢性静脉功能不全发病机制的近代观念 [J]. 国外医学·外科学分册， 2003; 30(5)∶262.
7.	Fukuda S, Yasu T, Predescu DN, et al. Mechanisms for regulation of fluid shear stress response in circulating leukocytes [J]. Circ Res, 2000; 86(1)∶E13.
8.	Veraart JC. Chronic venous insufficiency [J]. Ned Tijdschr Ge-neeskd, 2002; 146(5)∶199.
9.	Coleridge Smith PD, Thomas P, Scurr JH, et al. Causes of venous ulceration: a new hypothesis [J]. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed), 1988; 296(6638)∶1726.
10.	Takase S, Delano FA, Lerond L, et al. Inflammation in chronic venous insufficiency. Is the problem insurmountable? [J]. J Vasc Res, 1999; 36 Suppl 1∶3.
11.	Schmid-Schonbein GW, Takase S, Bergan JJ. New advances in the understanding of the pathophysiology of chronic venous insufficiency [J]. Angiology, 2001; 52 Suppl 1∶S27.
12.	Saharay M, Shields DA, Porter JB, et al. Leukocyte activity in the microcirculation of the leg in patients with chronic venous disease [J]. J Vasc Surg， 1997； 26(2)∶265.
13.	Junger M, Friedrich B, Hahn J, et al. Dysregulated L-selectin expression on lymphocytes in patients with chronic venous insufficiency [J]. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc, 2001; 25(1)∶21.
14.	张岚, 张柏根. 下肢慢性静脉功能不全与炎症反应及细胞免疫 [J]. 中华外科杂志, 2005; 43(13)∶896.
15.	Sayer GL, Smith PD. Immunocytochemical characterisation of the inflammatory cell infiltrate of varicose veins [J]. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg, 2004; 28(5)∶479.
16.	Stvrtinova V, Jahnova E, Weissova S, et al. Inflammatory mechanisms involving neutrophils in chronic venous insufficiency of lower limbs [J]. Bratisl Lek Listy, 2001; 102(5)∶235.
17.	Saharay M, Shields DA, Georgiannos SN, et al. Endothelial activation in patients with chronic venous disease [J]. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg, 1998; 15(4)∶342.
18.	Smith PD. Neutrophil activation and mediators of inflammation in chronic venous insufficiency [J]. J Vasc Res, 1999; 36 Suppl 1∶24.
19.	Takase S, Pascarella L, Lerond L, et al. Venous hypertension, inflammation and valve remodeling [J]. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg, 2004; 28(5)∶484.
20.	Nicolaides AN. Chronic venous disease and the leukocyte-endothelium interaction: from symptoms to ulceration [J]. Angiology， 2005； 56 Suppl 1∶S11.
21.	Michiels C, Arnould T, Thibaut-Vercruyssen R, et al. Perfused human saphenous veins for the study of the origin of varicose veins, role of the endothelium and hypoxia [J]. Int Angiol, 1997; 16(2)∶134.
22.	Takase S, Pascarella L, Bergan JJ, et al. Hypertension-induced venous valve remodeling [J]. J Vasc Surg, 2004; 39(6)∶1329.
23.	Pascarella L, Penn A, Schmid-Schonbein GW. Venous hypertension and the inflammatory cascade: major manifestations and trigger mechanisms [J]. Angiology, 2005; 56 Suppl 1∶S3.
24.	Pascarella L, Schmid-Schonbein GW, Bergan J. An animal mo-del of venous hypertension: the role of inflammation in venous valve failure [J]. J Vasc Surg, 2005; 41(2)∶303.
25.	Takase S, Bergan JJ, Schmid-Schonbein G. Expression of adhesion molecules and cytokines on saphenous veins in chronic venous insufficiency [J]. Ann Vasc Surg, 2000; 14(5)∶427.
26.	Ono T, Bergan JJ, Schmid-Schonbein GW, et al. Monocyte infiltration into venous valves [J]. J Vasc Surg, 1998; 27(1)∶158.
27.	Smith PD. Update on chronic-venous-insufficiency-induced inflammatory processes [J]. Angiology, 2001; 52 Suppl 1∶S35.
28.	Coleridge Smith PD. Deleterious effects of white cells in the course of skin damage in CVI [J]. Int Angiol, 2002; 21(2 Suppl 1)∶26.
29.	Sándor T. Pathomechanism of chronic venous insufficiency and leg ulcer [J]. Acta Physiol Hung, 2004; 91(2)∶131.

1. 29 Bergan JJ. Chronic venous insufficiency and the therapeutic effects of Daflon 500 mg [ J ] . Angiology, 2005; 56 Suppl 1 ∶ S21.
2. 王深明. 下肢深静脉瓣膜功能不全的外科治疗 [J]. 中国普外基础与临床杂志， 2006; 13(6)∶629.
3. 王昆, 乔正荣, 时德. 腓肠肌泵与下肢慢性静脉功能不全 [J]. 中国普外基础与临床杂志， 2002； 9(1)∶249.
4. 乔正荣, 时德. 下肢慢性静脉功能不全发病机理的临床研究 [J]. 中国普外基础与临床杂志， 2003; 10(3)∶249.
5. 张智辉, 张皓. 白细胞激活在静脉疾病中的作用 [J]. 上海医学， 2004; 27(4)∶281.
6. 张智辉, 张皓, 张柏根. 白细胞激活-慢性静脉功能不全发病机制的近代观念 [J]. 国外医学·外科学分册， 2003; 30(5)∶262.
7. Fukuda S, Yasu T, Predescu DN, et al. Mechanisms for regulation of fluid shear stress response in circulating leukocytes [J]. Circ Res, 2000; 86(1)∶E13.
8. Veraart JC. Chronic venous insufficiency [J]. Ned Tijdschr Ge-neeskd, 2002; 146(5)∶199.
9. Coleridge Smith PD, Thomas P, Scurr JH, et al. Causes of venous ulceration: a new hypothesis [J]. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed), 1988; 296(6638)∶1726.
10. Takase S, Delano FA, Lerond L, et al. Inflammation in chronic venous insufficiency. Is the problem insurmountable? [J]. J Vasc Res, 1999; 36 Suppl 1∶3.
11. Schmid-Schonbein GW, Takase S, Bergan JJ. New advances in the understanding of the pathophysiology of chronic venous insufficiency [J]. Angiology, 2001; 52 Suppl 1∶S27.
12. Saharay M, Shields DA, Porter JB, et al. Leukocyte activity in the microcirculation of the leg in patients with chronic venous disease [J]. J Vasc Surg， 1997； 26(2)∶265.
13. Junger M, Friedrich B, Hahn J, et al. Dysregulated L-selectin expression on lymphocytes in patients with chronic venous insufficiency [J]. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc, 2001; 25(1)∶21.
14. 张岚, 张柏根. 下肢慢性静脉功能不全与炎症反应及细胞免疫 [J]. 中华外科杂志, 2005; 43(13)∶896.
15. Sayer GL, Smith PD. Immunocytochemical characterisation of the inflammatory cell infiltrate of varicose veins [J]. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg, 2004; 28(5)∶479.
16. Stvrtinova V, Jahnova E, Weissova S, et al. Inflammatory mechanisms involving neutrophils in chronic venous insufficiency of lower limbs [J]. Bratisl Lek Listy, 2001; 102(5)∶235.
17. Saharay M, Shields DA, Georgiannos SN, et al. Endothelial activation in patients with chronic venous disease [J]. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg, 1998; 15(4)∶342.
18. Smith PD. Neutrophil activation and mediators of inflammation in chronic venous insufficiency [J]. J Vasc Res, 1999; 36 Suppl 1∶24.
19. Takase S, Pascarella L, Lerond L, et al. Venous hypertension, inflammation and valve remodeling [J]. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg, 2004; 28(5)∶484.
20. Nicolaides AN. Chronic venous disease and the leukocyte-endothelium interaction: from symptoms to ulceration [J]. Angiology， 2005； 56 Suppl 1∶S11.
21. Michiels C, Arnould T, Thibaut-Vercruyssen R, et al. Perfused human saphenous veins for the study of the origin of varicose veins, role of the endothelium and hypoxia [J]. Int Angiol, 1997; 16(2)∶134.
22. Takase S, Pascarella L, Bergan JJ, et al. Hypertension-induced venous valve remodeling [J]. J Vasc Surg, 2004; 39(6)∶1329.
23. Pascarella L, Penn A, Schmid-Schonbein GW. Venous hypertension and the inflammatory cascade: major manifestations and trigger mechanisms [J]. Angiology, 2005; 56 Suppl 1∶S3.
24. Pascarella L, Schmid-Schonbein GW, Bergan J. An animal mo-del of venous hypertension: the role of inflammation in venous valve failure [J]. J Vasc Surg, 2005; 41(2)∶303.
25. Takase S, Bergan JJ, Schmid-Schonbein G. Expression of adhesion molecules and cytokines on saphenous veins in chronic venous insufficiency [J]. Ann Vasc Surg, 2000; 14(5)∶427.
26. Ono T, Bergan JJ, Schmid-Schonbein GW, et al. Monocyte infiltration into venous valves [J]. J Vasc Surg, 1998; 27(1)∶158.
27. Smith PD. Update on chronic-venous-insufficiency-induced inflammatory processes [J]. Angiology, 2001; 52 Suppl 1∶S35.
28. Coleridge Smith PD. Deleterious effects of white cells in the course of skin damage in CVI [J]. Int Angiol, 2002; 21(2 Suppl 1)∶26.
29. Sándor T. Pathomechanism of chronic venous insufficiency and leg ulcer [J]. Acta Physiol Hung, 2004; 91(2)∶131.

CHINESE JOURNAL OF BASES AND CLINICS IN GENERAL SURGERY

Role of Leukocyte Activation and Inflammatory Reaction in Chronic Venous Insufficiency

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