Risk Factors, Prevention and Therapy of Hepatic Artery Thrombosis after Liver Transplantation_CHINESE JOURNAL OF BASES AND CLINICS IN GENERAL SURGERY

Authors：

WANG Chenyu , LIU Lianxin , JIANG Hongchi

Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China;

Corresponding author：

Keywords：

Liver transplantation; Hepatic artery thrombosis

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Objective 　To investigate the risk factors, prevention and therapy of hepatic artery thrombosis after liver transplantation.
Methods 　The literatures on the risk factors, prevention and therapy of hepatic artery thrombosis after liver transplantation in recent years were collected and reviewed.
Results 　The risk factors include factor Ⅴ Leiden, metabolic liver diseases of recipients, recipient sex, the use of Roux-en-Y biliary reconstructions, virus infection and so on. The measures of prevention and therapy include early diagnosis, detection of activated protein C resistance, postoperative anti-coagulation therapy, liver arteries reconstructions measures, hyperbaric oxygen therapy, continuous transcatheter arterial thrombolysis, liver retransplantation and so on.
Conclusion 　The study of risk factors, prevention and therapy will promote the process of improving the prognosis of patients with liver transplantation.

Citation： WANG Chenyu,LIU Lianxin,JIANG Hongchi. Risk Factors, Prevention and Therapy of Hepatic Artery Thrombosis after Liver Transplantation. CHINESE JOURNAL OF BASES AND CLINICS IN GENERAL SURGERY, 2007, 14(5): 615-618. doi: Copy

1.	Washington K. Update on post-liver transplantation infections, malignancies, and surgical complications [J]. Adv Anat Pathol， 2005; 12(4)∶221.
2.	陈焕伟, 甄作均, 苏树英, 等. 原位肝移植术后并发症的诊治体会(附16例报告) [J]. 中国普外基础与临床杂志, 2004; 11(5)∶163.
3.	Boyvat F, Aytekin C, Firat A, et al. Diagnostic and therapeutic management of hepatic artery thrombosis and stenosis after orthotopic and heterotopic liver transplantation [J]. Transplant Proc， 2003; 35(7)∶2791.
4.	李汛, 李玉民, 石斌, 等. 肝移植术后肝动脉血栓的防治(附2例报告) [J]. 中国普外基础与临床杂志, 2005; 12(5)∶511.
5.	Stange BJ, Glanemann M, Nuessler NC, et al. Hepatic artery thrombosis after adult liver transplantation [J]. Liver Transpl， 2003; 9(6)∶612.
6.	Dunn TB, Linden MA, Vercellotti GM, et al. Factor Ⅴ Leiden and hepatic artery thrombosis after liver transplantation [J]. Clin Transplant， 2006; 20(1)∶132.
7.	Jain A, Costa G, Marsh W, et al. Thrombotic and nonthrombotic hepatic artery complications in adults and children following primary liver transplantation with long-term follow-up in 1 000 consecutive patients [J]. Transpl Int， 2006; 19(1)∶27.
8.	Hirshfield G, Collier JD, Brown K, et al. Donor factor Ⅴ Leiden mutation and vascular thrombosis following liver transplantation [J]. Liver Transpl Surg， 1998; 4(1)∶58.
9.	Ikegami T, Hashikura Y, Nakazawa Y, et al. Risk factors contributing to hepatic artery thrombosis following living-donor liver transplantation [J]. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg， 2006; 13(2)∶105.
10.	Silva MA, Jambulingam PS, Gunson BK, et al. Hepatic artery thrombosis following orthotopic liver transplantation: a 10-year experience from a single centre in the United Kingdom [J]. Liver Transpl， 2006; 12(1)∶146.
11.	Ishigami K, Zhang Y, Rayhill S, et al. Does variant hepatic artery anatomy in a liver transplant recipient increase the risk of hepatic artery complications after transplantation? [J]. AJR Am J Roentgenol， 2004; 183(6)∶1577.
12.	Drazan K, Shaked A, Olthoff KM, et al. Etiology and management of symptomatic adult hepatic artery thrombosis after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) [J]. Am Surg， 1996; 62(3)∶237.
13.	Proposito D, Loinaz Segurola C, Garcia Garcia I, et al. Assessment of risk factors in the incidence of hepatic artery thrombosis in a consecutive series of 687 liver transplantations [J]. Ann Ital Chir， 2001; 72(2)∶187.
14.	Zhou J, Fan J, Wang JH, et al. Continuous transcatheter arterial thrombolysis for early hepatic artery thrombosis after liver transplantation [J]. Transplant Proc， 2005; 37(10)∶4426.
15.	Uzochukwu LN, Bluth EI, Smetherman DH, et al. Early postoperative hepatic sonography as a predictor of vascular and biliary complications in adult orthotopic liver transplant patients [J]. AJR Am J Roentgenol， 2005; 185(6)∶1558.
16.	Kaneko J, Sugawara Y, Akamatsu N, et al. Prediction of hepatic artery thrombosis by protocol Doppler ultrasonography in pediatric living donor liver transplantation [J]. Abdom Imaging， 2004; 29(5)∶603.
17.	Lin M, Crawford M, Fisher J, et al. Hepatic artery thrombosis and intraoperative hepatic artery flow rates in adult orthotopic liver transplantation [J]. ANZ J Surg， 2002; 72(11)∶798.
18.	Kubota K, Kita J, Shimoda M, et al. Intraoperative assessment of reconstructed vessels in living-donor liver transplantation, using a novel fluorescence imaging technique [J]. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg， 2006; 13(2)∶100.
19.	吴刚，刘永锋，梁键，等. 原位肝移植肝动脉血栓形成的预防与治疗 [J]. 中华普通外科杂志, 2005; 14(7)∶483.
20.	Matsuda H, Yagi T, Sadamori H, et al. Complications of arterial reconstruction in living donor liver transplantation: a single-center experience [J]. Surg Today， 2006; 36(3)∶245.
21.	Mazariegos GV, O’Toole K, Mieles LA, et al. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy for hepatic artery thrombosis after liver transplantation in children [J]. Liver Transpl Surg， 1999; 5(5)∶429.
22.	Dubost T, Goubaux B, Duhalde M, et al. Use of hyperbaric oxygen for hepatic artery thrombosis following adult orthotopic liver transplantation [J]. Eur J Anaesthesiol， 2002; 19(3)∶223.
23.	Grover I, Conley L, Alzate G, et al. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy for hepatic artery thrombosis following liver transplantation: current concepts [J]. Pediatr Transplant， 2006; 10(2)∶234.
24.	陈规划, 陆敏强, 蔡常洁, 等. 肝移植手术相关并发症的防治 [J]. 中华外科杂志, 2006; 44(5)∶295.
25.	李国强, 王学浩, 李相成, 等. 活体肝移植围手术期处理 [J]. 中国普外基础与临床杂志, 2003; 10(4)∶336.
26.	蒋智军，郑树森，梁廷波，等. 再次肝移植治疗移植肝失功的经验分析 [J]. 中华外科杂志, 2006; 44(3)∶153.
27.	Oh CK, Pelletier SJ, Sawyer RG, et al. Uni- and multi-variate analysis of risk factors for early and late hepatic artery thrombosis after liver transplantation [J]. Transplantation， 2001; 71(6)∶767.
28.	Ueno T, Jones G, Martin A, et al. Clinical outcomes from hepatic artery stenting in liver transplantation [J]. Liver Transpl， 2006; 12(3)∶422.
29.	Saad WE, Davies MG, Sahler L, et al. Hepatic artery stenosis in liver transplant recipients: primary treatment with percutaneous transluminal angioplasty [J]. J Vasc Interv Radiol， 2005; 16(6)∶795.
30.	Garcia-Gallont R, Bar-Nathan N, Shaharabani E, et al. Hepatic artery thrombosis in pediatric liver transplantation: graft salvage after thrombectomy [J]. Pediatr Transplant， 1999; 3(1)∶74.

1. 　Washington K. Update on post-liver transplantation infections, malignancies, and surgical complications [J]. Adv Anat Pathol， 2005; 12(4)∶221.
2. 　陈焕伟, 甄作均, 苏树英, 等. 原位肝移植术后并发症的诊治体会(附16例报告) [J]. 中国普外基础与临床杂志, 2004; 11(5)∶163.
3. 　Boyvat F, Aytekin C, Firat A, et al. Diagnostic and therapeutic management of hepatic artery thrombosis and stenosis after orthotopic and heterotopic liver transplantation [J]. Transplant Proc， 2003; 35(7)∶2791.
4. 　李汛, 李玉民, 石斌, 等. 肝移植术后肝动脉血栓的防治(附2例报告) [J]. 中国普外基础与临床杂志, 2005; 12(5)∶511.
5. 　Stange BJ, Glanemann M, Nuessler NC, et al. Hepatic artery thrombosis after adult liver transplantation [J]. Liver Transpl， 2003; 9(6)∶612.
6. 　Dunn TB, Linden MA, Vercellotti GM, et al. Factor Ⅴ Leiden and hepatic artery thrombosis after liver transplantation [J]. Clin Transplant， 2006; 20(1)∶132.
7. 　Jain A, Costa G, Marsh W, et al. Thrombotic and nonthrombotic hepatic artery complications in adults and children following primary liver transplantation with long-term follow-up in 1 000 consecutive patients [J]. Transpl Int， 2006; 19(1)∶27.
8. 　Hirshfield G, Collier JD, Brown K, et al. Donor factor Ⅴ Leiden mutation and vascular thrombosis following liver transplantation [J]. Liver Transpl Surg， 1998; 4(1)∶58.
9. 　Ikegami T, Hashikura Y, Nakazawa Y, et al. Risk factors contributing to hepatic artery thrombosis following living-donor liver transplantation [J]. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg， 2006; 13(2)∶105.
10. 　Silva MA, Jambulingam PS, Gunson BK, et al. Hepatic artery thrombosis following orthotopic liver transplantation: a 10-year experience from a single centre in the United Kingdom [J]. Liver Transpl， 2006; 12(1)∶146.
11. 　Ishigami K, Zhang Y, Rayhill S, et al. Does variant hepatic artery anatomy in a liver transplant recipient increase the risk of hepatic artery complications after transplantation? [J]. AJR Am J Roentgenol， 2004; 183(6)∶1577.
12. 　Drazan K, Shaked A, Olthoff KM, et al. Etiology and management of symptomatic adult hepatic artery thrombosis after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) [J]. Am Surg， 1996; 62(3)∶237.
13. 　Proposito D, Loinaz Segurola C, Garcia Garcia I, et al. Assessment of risk factors in the incidence of hepatic artery thrombosis in a consecutive series of 687 liver transplantations [J]. Ann Ital Chir， 2001; 72(2)∶187.
14. 　Zhou J, Fan J, Wang JH, et al. Continuous transcatheter arterial thrombolysis for early hepatic artery thrombosis after liver transplantation [J]. Transplant Proc， 2005; 37(10)∶4426.
15. 　Uzochukwu LN, Bluth EI, Smetherman DH, et al. Early postoperative hepatic sonography as a predictor of vascular and biliary complications in adult orthotopic liver transplant patients [J]. AJR Am J Roentgenol， 2005; 185(6)∶1558.
16. 　Kaneko J, Sugawara Y, Akamatsu N, et al. Prediction of hepatic artery thrombosis by protocol Doppler ultrasonography in pediatric living donor liver transplantation [J]. Abdom Imaging， 2004; 29(5)∶603.
17. 　Lin M, Crawford M, Fisher J, et al. Hepatic artery thrombosis and intraoperative hepatic artery flow rates in adult orthotopic liver transplantation [J]. ANZ J Surg， 2002; 72(11)∶798.
18. 　Kubota K, Kita J, Shimoda M, et al. Intraoperative assessment of reconstructed vessels in living-donor liver transplantation, using a novel fluorescence imaging technique [J]. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg， 2006; 13(2)∶100.
19. 　吴刚，刘永锋，梁键，等. 原位肝移植肝动脉血栓形成的预防与治疗 [J]. 中华普通外科杂志, 2005; 14(7)∶483.
20. 　Matsuda H, Yagi T, Sadamori H, et al. Complications of arterial reconstruction in living donor liver transplantation: a single-center experience [J]. Surg Today， 2006; 36(3)∶245.
21. 　Mazariegos GV, O’Toole K, Mieles LA, et al. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy for hepatic artery thrombosis after liver transplantation in children [J]. Liver Transpl Surg， 1999; 5(5)∶429.
22. 　Dubost T, Goubaux B, Duhalde M, et al. Use of hyperbaric oxygen for hepatic artery thrombosis following adult orthotopic liver transplantation [J]. Eur J Anaesthesiol， 2002; 19(3)∶223.
23. 　Grover I, Conley L, Alzate G, et al. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy for hepatic artery thrombosis following liver transplantation: current concepts [J]. Pediatr Transplant， 2006; 10(2)∶234.
24. 　陈规划, 陆敏强, 蔡常洁, 等. 肝移植手术相关并发症的防治 [J]. 中华外科杂志, 2006; 44(5)∶295.
25. 　李国强, 王学浩, 李相成, 等. 活体肝移植围手术期处理 [J]. 中国普外基础与临床杂志, 2003; 10(4)∶336.
26. 　蒋智军，郑树森，梁廷波，等. 再次肝移植治疗移植肝失功的经验分析 [J]. 中华外科杂志, 2006; 44(3)∶153.
27. 　Oh CK, Pelletier SJ, Sawyer RG, et al. Uni- and multi-variate analysis of risk factors for early and late hepatic artery thrombosis after liver transplantation [J]. Transplantation， 2001; 71(6)∶767.
28. 　Ueno T, Jones G, Martin A, et al. Clinical outcomes from hepatic artery stenting in liver transplantation [J]. Liver Transpl， 2006; 12(3)∶422.
29. 　Saad WE, Davies MG, Sahler L, et al. Hepatic artery stenosis in liver transplant recipients: primary treatment with percutaneous transluminal angioplasty [J]. J Vasc Interv Radiol， 2005; 16(6)∶795.
30. 　Garcia-Gallont R, Bar-Nathan N, Shaharabani E, et al. Hepatic artery thrombosis in pediatric liver transplantation: graft salvage after thrombectomy [J]. Pediatr Transplant， 1999; 3(1)∶74.

CHINESE JOURNAL OF BASES AND CLINICS IN GENERAL SURGERY

Risk Factors, Prevention and Therapy of Hepatic Artery Thrombosis after Liver Transplantation

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