Objective To investigate the preventive effect of carbachol on the formation of postoperative intra-abdominal adhesion. Methods Forty-four Wistar rats were randomly divided into sham operation group (SO group, n=12), operation group (n=16) and carbachol treated group (carbachol group, n=16, carbachol 50 μg/kg). Animal model of abdominal adhesion was established by rubbing the procussus vermiformis of cecum with dry sterile gauze, and by clamping and scuffing abdominal wall. Half of rats were separately killed on day 7 and day 14 after surgery, respectively. The degree of adhesion was evaluated according to Phillips 5-scale grade and the feature of this model. The histopathological changes of adhesive tissues were observed and the content of collagen type Ⅰ in the tissues was detected by immunohistochemistry. Results The scores of intra-abdominal adhesion were significantly lower in the carbachol group than those in operation group both on 7 d and 14 d (P＜0.01). Mild inflammatory changes and less fibrous proliferation were observed in carbachol group microscopically. The contents of collagen type Ⅰ detected by immunohistochemistry were significantly lower in the carbachol group than those in operation group both on 7 d and 14 d (P＜0.01). There was no significant difference of the score of abdominal adhesion and content of collagen type Ⅰ in the same group between 7 d and 14 d (Pgt;0.05). Conclusion Carbachol may take a significant role in the prevention of postoperative abdominal adhesion in rat.
Objective To establish a model of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) in rats for dynamic study of antithrombotics or thrombolysis on thrombosis. Methods SD rats (n=60) were randomly divided into thrombosis model group (n=36), control group (n=18) and sham operation group (n=6). An improved method was used to make the inferior caval vein ligated in SD rats of thrombosis model group. After operation, rats in thrombosis model group and control group were divided into 6 period groups. The changes of thrombus and internal surface of vessels in each period were observed in thrombosis model group and were compared with those in other two groups, respectively. Results Stable venous thrombus were observed in all inferior caval vein in thrombosis model group, and the proximal part of venous thrombus was unobstructed and consistent with the pathological change of venous thrombosis during acute stage in human body. Conclusion The DVT model in rats was successfully established, which maybe helpful for dynamic study of the effect of antithrombotics or thrombolysis on thrombosis.
Objective To study the effects of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) on brain tissue in rats with pancreatic encephalopathy (PE). Methods Thirty-six Wistar rats were randomly divided into control group (n=6) and PE model group (n=30). In control group, rats were injected with normal saline by internal carotid artery (0.1 ml/100 g) and were killed on the first day after the injection. In PE model group, rats were injected with phospholipases A2 (0.1 ml/100 g, 1 000 U/0.1 ml) by internal carotid artery, to establish animal model of PE in rat and 10 rats were killed on day 1, 3, 7 respectively after the injection. The changes of water content in the brain were measured. Leucocytes aggregation and margination in the microvessels, and the changes of cerebral cells and nerve fibers were observed. The levels of MDA, TNF-α and the activity of SOD were tested in the brain homogenate in rats. Results In PE model group, water contents of brain increased; The phenomena of leucocytes accumulation and margination, cellular edema of neurons and demyelination of nerve fibers became more obvious; The levels of MDA and TNF-α increased significantly than those in the control group, while the activity of SOD reduced (P＜0．05， P＜0.01)． Conclusion Inthe rat model of PE, MDA, SOD, and TNF-α play important roles on the occurrence and development of brain injury.