Abstract： Air leak is still a common postoperative complication after selective lobectomy. The majority of patients undergoing lobectomy have some risk factors of postoperative air leak or persistent air leak. Nowadays，preventive measures of postoperative air leak mainly include preoperative, intraoperative （surgical technique，reinforcement material，pleural cavity reduction），and postoperative （pleurodesis，chest drainage management） strategies. Many of these new measures have been applied in clinical practice with satisfactory outcomes.
Objective To review various kinds of therapeutic methods for restenosis after reconstructive vascular operation. Methods The literatures about prevention and treatment for restenosis after reconstructive vascular operation were reviewed. Results Therapeutic methods for vascular restenosis include gene therapy, drug treatment, placing external stent around the vein graft and physical therapy. The methods of gene therapy include transferring genes that inhibit the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) and inactivating genes that promote the proliferation of VSMC through technology of antisensenucleic acids or RNA interference. Conclusion Current treatment for restenosis after reconstructive varscular operation have both advantages and disadvantages, some of which are still being disputed. With the development of the technology of molecular biology, gene therapy would be the most effective therapy method for vascular restenosis.