临床证据检索和评价截止至2002年3月.结果: ⑴硬化性苔癣: ①口服视黄醛(阿维A): 1个小样本RCT经过20～22周随访发现,阿维A与安慰剂相比,能显著减轻瘙痒和减小病变程度,但与严重的脱皮、脱发有关.②外科手术:我们未找到手术治疗妇女硬化性苔癣疗效的充足证据.③局部用0.05%丙酸氯倍他索(又名氯氟美松):1个小样本RCT经过3个月的治疗发现,局部用丙酸氯倍他索比局部用丙酸睾丸酮或矿物油软膏能更有效地控制症状.高质量的前瞻性观察性研究发现,丙酸氯倍他索用于维持治疗时副作用轻微.④局部用睾丸酮:2个小样本RCT认为,不管是用于12个月的初始治疗,还是在用了丙酸氯倍他索16周后的继续治疗,都没有证据证明丙酸睾丸酮比矿物油软膏更能缓解症状.丙酸睾丸酮与男性化有关.⑵外阴上皮内瘤样病变:我们发现,外阴上皮内瘤样病变的外科手术治疗效果和局部应用α-干扰素治疗效果,目前临床证据不足.
【摘要】 目的 探讨葡萄糖转运蛋白Ⅰ型（glucose transporter 1，GLUT1）和肿瘤增殖细胞核抗原Ki-67在卵巢上皮性肿瘤组织中的表达及其临床意义。 方法 收集2000年1月-2008年6月不同卵巢上皮性肿瘤病变患者119例的组织标本，采用免疫组织化学SP二步法检测肿瘤组织中GLUT1和Ki-67的表达情况。 结果 卵巢交界性、恶性上皮性肿瘤灶性或广泛高表达GLUT1和Ki-67，其表达强度有差异。卵巢良性上皮性肿瘤不表达GLUT1和Ki-67。在卵巢癌中GLUT1及Ki-67的表达强度与病理分级、临床分期、预后有关。GLUT1表达强度与病理分型无关，Ki-67表达强度与病理分型有关。 结论 卵巢上皮性肿瘤组织中GLUT1和Ki-67的表达具有相关性，其表达强度与肿瘤的良恶性质和增殖状态有关，二者同时检测可以全面了解卵巢上皮性肿瘤的性质、卵巢癌恶性程度和生物学行为，对于判断肿瘤的性质和预后有一定价值。【Abstract】 Objective To investigate the expression and clinical significance of glucose transporter-1 (GLUT1) and tumor proliferating karyon antigen Ki-67 in epithelial ovarian tumor tissue. Methods Immunohistochemistry SP method was used to detect the expression of GLUT1 and Ki-67 protein in epithelial ovarian tumor tissues from 119 patients diagnosed in our hospital from January 2000 to June 2008. Results The expressions of GLUT1 and Ki-67 had local or abroad higher expressions in the borderline and malignant epithelial ovarian tumor, and the expressive intensity was different. In benign tumors, the expression was negative. The expressive intensity of GLUT1 and Ki-67 had correlation with the grade, stage, and prognosis in malignant tumors. The expressive intensity of GLUT1 had no correlation with the type of malignant tumors, while Ki-67 related to the pathological types. Conclusion The expressions of GLUT1 and Ki-67 have relativity. The expressive intensity of GLUT1 and Ki-67 relates to the character and proliferation of epithelial ovarian tumors. The combined detection GLUT1 and Ki-67 is helpful to know the character of epithelial ovarian tumors, the malignant degree and biologic behavior of ovarian carcinoma, which is useful in estimating the character and prognosis of epithelial ovarian tumors.
Objective To summarize the roles of tumor initiating cells （TICs） and epithelial-mesenchymal transition （EMT） in tumor metastasis and drug resistance. Methods Domestic and international publications online which involving TICs，EMT，and its roles in tumor metastasis and drug resistance in recent years were reviewed. Results TICs were self-renewal cells and had the ability to give rise to more differentiated cell types，and played an important role in tumor metastasis and drug resistance. Various markers had been used to identify TICs，such as CD133，CD44，and so on. EMT was the process by which epithelial cells losed polarity and detach from the epithelial sheet， and acquired a motile mesenchymal phenotype，usually observed in embryo development and wound healing. It also could promote tumor progression and metastasis，and may also be responsible for the ability of tumors to evade the body’s immune response. EMT may be the reasons of TICs that drived tumor metastasis and recurrence. TICs or EMT as a target for treatments may effectively prevent tumor recurrence and improve patient’s survival. Conclusions EMT is probably the mechanism that TICs promote tumor metastasis and drug resistance. More effective target therapies for cancer may be found if we know more about TICs and EMT.
目的探讨乳腺腺肌上皮瘤临床特点、诊断及治疗方法。方法回顾性分析乳腺腺肌上皮瘤6例。结果6例均表现为乳腺包块，直径在1.5～3 cm之间，对其均行乳腺包块切除术。术后随访6个月～6年，无复发。结论乳腺腺肌上皮瘤为良性肿瘤，首选治疗为包括肿瘤组织的局部扩大切除术。
ObjectiveTo study the cause of different prognosis in typical medullary carcinoma and atypical medullary carcinoma. MethodsThe immunohistochemical staining method was used to evaluate the positivity of Ecadherin,βcatenin, in 30 cases of atypical medullary carcinoma and 18 cases of typical medullary carcinoma and 10 cases of normal breast. ResultsThe positive rate and staining intensity of Ecadherin and βcatenin oncoprotein were significantly higher in typical medullary carcinoma than in atypical medullary carcinoma(Plt;0.01).ConclusionExpression of Ecadherin and βcatenin is one of the causes of similar morphology and different prognosis in medullary breast carcinoma.
ObjectiveTo explore the suitable method for isolation and maintenance of primary cultures of human gallbladder epithelial cells (GECs) for establishing the basis of research works in physiological function of gallbladder and its related diseases.MethodsGECs were isolated with collagenase type Ⅳ and blunt separation.The dishes were coated with fibronectin, laminin and polyDlysine respectively.Additional 10 ng/ml epidermal growth factor was added to DMEM medium containing 20% fetal calf serum.The cells were studied under light and electron microscope to determine their shape and distribution.ResultsEach gallbladder yielded approximately (1-5)×107columnar epithelial cells,greater than 95% of which were viable by trypan blue exclusion.The cells grew vigorously within one week which was flat and multangular in shape. CK19 expressed positive.Electron microscope showed typical gallbladder epithelia with microvilli,tight junctions and mucus droplets.ConclusionCombination of collagenase type Ⅳ，mechanical blunt separation and twostep attachment is of great benefit for separating and harvesting GEC.Fibronectin coated culture dish and DMEM medium containing 20% calf serum and 10 ng/ml hEGF is of great benefit for culturing gallbladder epithelial cells.
Objective To investigate the effect of cholecystectomy on the induction of large intestine cancer and its mechanism. Methods After cholecystectomy, the large intestine neoplasm in mice was induced with dimethylhydrazine(DMH).The histogenesis and growth pattern of large intestine cancer were observed.The Sphase fraction (SPF) of epithelium cells in large intestine mucosa was determined using flow cytometry. Before and after operation, the feces of mice were collected to determine the cholic acid (CA), chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA), deoxycholic acid (DCA) and lithocholic acid (LCA) concentration by highperformance liquid chromatography. Results The average number of large intestine neoplasms per mouse,percentage of large intestine adenomas in examined mice and SPF of experimental group were significantly higher than those of control group (P＜0.05). The fecal LCA concentration in postcholecystectomy was significantly higher than that in precholecystectomy and in sham operation group (P=0.00). Conclusion The large intestine neoplasm of mice induced by DMH is increased and the proliferation of epithelium cell in large intestine mucosa is increased after cholecystectomy. This suggests that cholecystectomy has promoting effect on induction of large intestine neoplasm in mice. The gut may deal with the increased secondary bile acid(LCA) concentration postcholecystectomy.
Nucleus plasma ratio was measured and silver-binding nucleolar organizer (AgNORs) were counted in 31 cases of cholangiocarinoma (11 cases were well-differentiated, 10 case moderately differentiated and 10 cases poorly differentiated) and in 17 cases of atypical epithelial hyperplasia related to hepatolithiasis (9 cases were simple hyperplasia, 8 cases atypical epithelial hyperplasia) by AgNORs techique and image analysis.The results showed that mucleus plasma ratio and AgNORs counts increased significantly from well-differentiated to poorly differentiated cholangiocarcinoma (Ｐ＜0.01). No statistically significant differance was shown between nucleus plasma ratio of atypical hyperplasia and well-differentiated cholangiocarinoma.The data imply that chronic proliferative cholngitis in the presence of hepatolithiasis can progress to atypical epithelial hyperplasia which may be an important precursor of cholangiocarcinoma.
Objective To investigate the impacts of cytokines （interleukin-4，IL-4；tumor necrosis factor-α，TNF-α） and medications of bronchial asthma （dexamethasone，aminophylline，salbutamol） on the activity of histamine N-methyltransferase（HMT） in tracheal epithelial cells.Methods BEAS-2B bronchial epithelial cells were cultured and treated with different concentration of TNF-α, IL-4, dexamethasone, salbutamol and aminophylline respectively. The activity of HMT in BEAS-2B cells was determined by high performance liquid chromatography.Results The activity of HMT in tracheal epithelial cells was (50±7) pmol?min-1?mg pro-1.TNF-α and IL-4 lowered the activity of HMT significantly at the concentration equal to or higher than 1 ng/mL and 5 ng/mL respectively，and reached the maximum inhibitory effect at the level of 10 ng/mL.Dexamethasone and aminophylline could ameliorate distinctly the inhibitory effect of TNF-α on the activity of HMT, while salbutamol had no significant inhibitory effect.Conclusions TNF-α and IL-4 exert the lowering effect on the activity of HMT，which would be one important cause of airway hyperreactivity.Glucocorticoids and theophyllines are administered to treat asthma partly due to its relieving mechanism of TNF-α negative effects on HMT.
Objective To investigate the mRNA and protein expression of human β-defensin-2 (hBD-2) induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)，IL-1β and TNF-α in human airway primary epitheliums.Methods The bronchial primary epitheliums from human were stimulated with LPS，IL-1β and TNF-α respectively and then were harvested for hBD-2 expression detection.The mRNA expression of hBD-2 was detected by RT-PCR，and the protein expression by immunocytochemistry and western blot.Results There was a small expression of hBD-2 mRNA in human airway primary epitheliums before stimulation.The hBD-2 mRNA expression was significantly increased after 3 hours of LPS，IL-1β and TNF-α stimulation respectively and the expression increasement was in a dose dependent manner.The hBD-2 protein could be detected in cytoplasm after 4 hours of LPS (0.1 μg/mL)，IL-1β (1 ng/mL) and TNF-α (10 ng/mL) stimulation.Conclusions LPS and proinflammatory cytokines can induce the mRNA and protein expression of hBD-2 in a short time.The expression of hBD-2 may play an initial defense role against bacterial invasion.