Objective To provide references and recommendations about emergency physician training for our country by analyzing the characteristics of emergency physicians training objective, subject, process, content, appraisal and assessment in the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada and Australia. Methods Such databases as Ovid, Proquest, MDConsoult and relevant websites of national emergency medicine were searched to include literature covering guidelines and documents on emergency education and training in the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada and Australia. According to the evidence-based scientific principles and methods, we graded and analyzed the included information. Results A total of 40 articles were included, covering 12 guidelines and documents, 2 reviews and 26 research documents. Each of the four countries owned a sound emergency specialist training access system especially on how they used competency as the core to design the training content, courses and appraisal and assessment system to improve overall ability and quality of emergency physicians. Conclusion Our country’s emergency physician training certainly has lagged behind those of the developed countries. We should learn from positive experience of the developed countries to standardize emergency physician training, improve the emergency physician training content and curriculum, strengthen access management and the construction of appraisal system, and cultivate the competency of emergency physicians.
Objective To provide scientific evidence for the establishment of medical specialist system in China by analyzing the current situation and problems, putting forward solution thoughts and countermeasures, from the angle of medical education system, residency training program and licensed physician management. Method Principle and method of evidence-based medicine were adopted. Retrospective investigation was conducted to gain information from 1996 to 2002 about enrollment and running form of medical education, current situation of residency and specialist training. Data was then extracted and analyzed for the benefit of corresponding countermeasures. Results By the end of 2001, there were totally 1 640 thousand physicians in China. The enrollment proportion of undergraduate and junior college student steadily increased from 1996 to 2002, while the situation quite the reverse as for medical secondary school. More than 300 thousand have taken part in the licensure exam, among whom less than 15% had university diploma. About 52 000 doctors have already completed the residency training program, and 65 700 are being trained. Standardized system of specialist training and admittance is not available in China. Conclusions It was three main tough problems that mainly account for the poor quality of doctor as a whole in China, which include diversity of educational system, insufficient software and hardware of residency training program, and absence of specialist training system. An allied funded program of "research on medical specialist training and admittance" has been on the way, and research outcomes will be published soon.
Objective To provide scientific evidence for the establishment of medical specialist system in China by investigating the history, current situation, problems and countermeasures of medical specialties training at home and aboard. Method The principle and theroy of evidence-based medicine were adopted. The information before Dec. 31, 2003 of Pubmed, CBM, official website, some journals, most frequently used search engines and medical monograph were systematically reviewed. Included literatures were assessed and graded according to the pre-defined criterias. Results A total of 1 319 studies (1 298 in English, 21 in Chinese) were included, among which only 6 were related to the classification of medical specialties. Based on the information from official website of USA, Canada, UK, Singapore, Australia and China (including HK and Taiwan), it showed that China has the largest number of medical specialties, followed by that of USA. In China, the number of medical specialties has more than that of the disciplines in clinical field, which was followed by resident training programs. Some specialties were duplicate, or not international standardized. Conclusions The classification of medical specialties should be developed consecutively, which comprehensively considered the international trend, characteristics of doctor training and the current situation. Specialties whose training program are well-established and developed should initiate firstly. Others will be put into practice gradually after being fully exprienced.
Objective To provide evidence for establishing medical specialist training system in China by evidence-based evaluation on the comparison of medical specialists training programs in different countries in Europe, America and Asia. Methods The principle and method of evidence-based science were adopted. Pubmed, official website (such as Ministry of Health, and medical board), homepages of famous medical universities or teaching hospitals and most frequently used search engines were systematically searched till Mar. 31, 2004. Included literatures were evaluated according to pre-defined standards. Results A total of 878 studies (827 in English, 51 in other languages) were included. The main contents covered clinical courses (43.3%), training quality assessment (13.5%) and existing problems (12.7%). Based on these and information from official website, the process of doctor training could be divided into three stages: residency training, specialist training and continuing medical education, with the characteristics of critical standards and strict examination in each stage. Training programs for neurosurgeon and family practitioner were analyzed. Conclusions Medical specialists training is a systematic project, which needs comprechensive planning and taking all factors (such as requirement of medical care market, diseaseburden) into account . To establishing a connterpart in China, priority should be given to training quality, feasibility and improvability. At the same time, we should change our mind, face the reality, and deal with problems during the interim.
【摘要】 目的 评估四川省精神科专科医师培训基地带教师资培训效果、培训方式及提出建议。 方法 对2009年10月和2010年11月的两次培训均参加的59名带教师资采用自制评估表进行评估，其中男37名，女22名；年龄（39±9）岁。采用SPSS 13.0统计软件进行统计分析。 结果 参与培训带教师资对培训的效果总体评价，好22名，占37.29%，很好18名，占30.51%；对培训方式的总体评价，好25名，占42.37%，很好20名，占33.91%；参训教师各个方面较培训前均有显著提高。 结论 开展短期方式多样的集中培训可能是提高带教师资水平的一种快速途径。应该建立师资准入制度考核标准和标准培训内容，从而建立起一支高素质的精神专科医师培训的带教师资，保障精神专科医师培训的质量和顺利进行。【Abstract】 Objective To assess the results and styles of training process for faculty doctors in psychiatric specialist training center of Sichuan Province, and put forward suggestions. Methods We evaluated 59 psychiatric specialist training faculty doctors, including 37 males and 22 females aged (39±9) years old by giving out a self-made questionnaire. Factor analysis was done by adopting SPSS 13.0. Results Evaluation of the training results showed good in 22 doctors (37.29%), and very good in 18 doctors (30.51%); Evaluation of the training style showed good in 25 doctors (42.37%) and very good in 20 doctors (33.91%). After training, the faculty doctors got more progress than before in every aspects. Conclusions Short-term training with various training styles may be a quick way for faculty doctors in psychiatric specialist training center to increase their teaching ability. The standard enrollment criteria, standard training contents and standard exam criteria should be established. Through this, a high-quality faculty doctors in psychiatric specialist training center will be set up, which is very important in ensuring the quality and success of training for psychiatric specialist doctors.
Objective To investigate the cognition degree and clinical use of new COPD classification system of 2011 GOLD in respiratory specialists, and further analyze the reasons of failing to clinical use. Methods Respiratory specialists from 42 hospitals in Chongqing were investigated through questionnaire survey. The questionnaire contains two parts. The first part contains nine questions about the knowledge of 2011 GOLD new COPD classification system and its clinical use. The second part contains six questions about the reasons of failing to clinical use of the COPD classification system. Results A total of 204 valid questionnaires were recovered. More than 90% respiratory specialists had understood the new COPD classification system with different degree, and believed it is suitable for clinical use. More than twothirds respiratory specialists knew well the ways about CAT and mMRC, but only 24% specialists were using these ways. The main reasons of failing to clinical use were as follows: 60% specialists believed the pulmonary function test can evaluate the COPD classification, and 66. 7% specialists were limited by short visit time. The cognition degree and clinical use of the new COPD classification systemin the specialists from third grade A class hospitals was better than those from the other hospitals. But the difference was not significant among specialists with different professional title.Conclusion Respiratory specialists in Chongqing knew well about the new COPD classification systemin 2011 GOLD, but did not use it widely in clinical works due to the complicated operation of the new COPD classification system.
In recent years, the system of standardized resident training has been set up and improved gradually in our country.However, the medical specialist training system for neurosurgeons is still at the stage of exploration.It is important to cultivate and select the best neurologic surgery specialists in China.Mayo Clinic is one of the best teaching hospitals in the United States, which has been ranking the second in the United States for the recent 20 years.Analyzing the neurologic surgery specialist training program of the world's top hospital and learning from its advanced experiences are beneficial for the establishment of medical specialist training system and the production of the highest caliber neurosurgeons in the Department of Neurosurgery in West China Hospital of Sichuan University.The Department of Neurosurgery in West China Hospital of Sichuan University is advantageous in its advanced technology and equipment, sufficient operations, rich teaching resources and independent laboratories.Our goal is to establish strict accessing, management and assessment system, perfecting security and feedback system, focusing on the cultivation of humanistic spirit, building neurosurgery specialist personnel, and establishing a unique brand of West China in the field of teaching.