Objective To observe the pathological changes of branch retinal artery occlusion (BRAO) by optical coherence tomography (OCT). Methods Twenty-six eyes of 26 patients with BRAO diagnosed in our Center from December 2002 to June 2005 were examined by OCT. The intervals of disease onsets and OCT examinations in all patients were within 2 weeks. The OCT scan modes were horizontal or vertical lines, and the locations of OCT scanning were macular area and the posterior pole of retina. The retinal thicknesses of macular foveola were measured and the macular thicknesses in different obstructive locations were compared using ANOVA analysis. The correlations of visual acuity and retinal thickness were analyzed by Pearson correlation analysis. Results Among the 26 eyes with BRAO, 9 eyes with temporosuperior artery occlusion, 8 eyes with temporoinferior artery occlusion, 7 eyes with arteriole occlusion and 2 eyes with retinal ciliary artery occlusion were observed. The pathological characteristics of OCT images of BRAO were increased retinal thickness and reflectivity in the obstructive locations, and widened dark area of photoreceptors (edema), while there was no obvious foveal edema were observed. The retinal images in other locations were normal. The average macular foveal thickness in the groups of temporosuperior artery occlusion, temporoinferior artery occlusion and retina arteriole occlusion were (161.11plusmn;17.66) mu;m, (148.38plusmn;18.48) mu;m and (136.29plusmn;14.94) mu;m, respectively (F=4.137,P=0.031,Pgt;0.01). There was no correlation of visual acuity with retinal thickness in 24 eyes (r＝0.285，P＝0.176，Pgt;0.01). Conclusion OCT could display the pathological changes of retinal tissue of BRAO in vivo. The increases of macular foveal thicknesses in BRAO eyes are not so obvious, and no correlations could be seen between visual acuity and macular foveal thickness. OCT is indicated on the old patients and the patients with systemic diseases for whom FFA is contraindicated. The unique characteristics of pathological changes of BRAO indicated by OCT images supply the objective signs for the instant clinical diagnosis. (Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis, 2007, 23: 173-176)
Objective To analyze the pathogenesis of cystoid macular edema (CME) secondary to exudative age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Methods From October 2000 to December 2003, OCT images of 171 eyes of 140 patients with exudative AMD were evaluated. The CNV types were classified according to its location (above or below the RPE), and the correlation between the types of CNV and the development of CME were analyzed. Results Of the 171 eyes with AMD, 89 eyes (52.0%) had CME, and 82 eyes (48.0%) had no CME. Among the 89 eyes with CME, 76 eyes (85.4% ) had an active CNV lesion, and 13 eyes (14.6%) had a disciform scar. Among the 82 eyes without CME, 69 eyes (84.1%) had an active CNV lesion, and 13 eyes (15.9 %) had a disciform scar. In the 76 eyes with both CME and active CNV, 75 eyes (9 8.7%) had a subretinal CNV, which included 61 eyes (80.3%)with a combined CNV complex and 14 eyes (18.4%) with a Gass 2 type CNV, only 1 eye (1.3%) had a Gass 1 type CNV. Whereas, in the 69 eyes with active CNV but without CME, 57 eyes (82.6%) had a Gass 1 type CNV, only 12 eyes (17.4%) had a subretinal CNV. There was a significant difference in the incidence of subretinal CNV between eyes with or without CME (χ2=99.5838, P=0.0000). Conclusions CME formation was highly corre lated with the invasion of CNV into the subretinal space. Subretinal CNV might be the direct cause of CME secondary to exudative AMD.(Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis，2004，20：299-302)
Objective To study the characteristics of optic al coherence tomography (OCT) in idiopathic macular epiretinal membranes (IMEM) and the relationship between the thickness of fovea and the vision of affected eyes. Methods Total of 67 cases (73 eyes) with clinica l diagnosis of IMEM by direct, indirect ophthalmoscopy, three mirror contact len s, fundus color photography or fundus fluorescein angiography(FFA）were examined with OCT. Results Epiretinal membranes(ERMs) with macular edema were found in 32 eyes, proliferative ERMs in 20 eyes, ERMs with macular pseudoholes in 14 eyes and ERMs with laminar macular holes in 7 eyes. Based on OCT, the ERMs were clearly and partially seperated from the retina (27 eyes, 38.36%), the retinal thickness of the fovea was the thickest in proliferative ERMs and the thinnest in ERMs with laminar macular holes. The statistical an alysis showed there was a negative correlation between the thickness of fovea an d visual acuity (r=－0.454, P= 0.000 ). Conclusion There were four types of image of OCT in IMEM: ERMs with macularedema, proliferative ERMs, ERMs with macular pseudohole and ERMs with laminar macular hole；and the thicker the fovea under the OCT, the poorer th e visual acnity in the affected eyes with ERMs. (Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis, 2001,17:115-118)
Objective To evaluate different methods in determ ining the postoperative changes of anatomical structures in macular diseases． Methods Thirty-one eyes of 31 cases of macular diseases, were studied among them there were 15 eyes with idiopathic macular hole (IMH),and the others included 8 eyes with macular epiretinal membranes(ERMs), 4 eyes with age relate d macular degeneration(AMD) and 4 eyes with idiopathic submacular neovasculariza tions(SRNV)． All cases were examined with retinoscope or retinogra phy, fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) and optical coherence tomography (OCT ) pre-and postoperatively． Results Funduscopy showed that all of the 15 IMHs were closed after operation, but OCT showed th at among them 2 affected eyes still had partial retinal detachment at the macular hole edge in one quadrant and the sensory layer in macular area became thinner in 1 affected eye． FFA revealed damage of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) in 5 cases． As for the ERMs and SRNV, funduscopy could n ot identify wether they were completely removed or not after operation． FFA ind icated that SRNV and SRNV were completely removed and the damage of RPE．OCT discovere d that the ERMs and SRNV were completely removed and the sensory layer became th inner in 3 eyes． Conclusion The combination of funduscopy , FFA and OCT can get the whole view of macular diseases and their postopera tive anatomical evaluation． (Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis, 2001,17:33-36)
Objective To asses the potential of a new imaging technique,opticl coherence tomography(OCT),for diagnosis and monitoring of central serous choroidoretinopathy(CSC). Methods Thirty cases (32eyes) with CSC were examined by ophthalmoscopy, fundus fluorescein angiography and OCT. Some patients were monitored by OCT. Results Among images of OCT in 32 eyes with CSC, 27 eyes showed serous neurosensory detachement,2 eyes appeared retinal pigment epithelial detachement and 3 eyes combined neurosensory detachement with pigment epithelial detachement.Monitoring images of OCT in ll eyes revealed absorption of serous fluid and decrease of neurosensory detachment． Conclusions OCT is potentially useful as a new and noninvasive diagnostic technique for quantitative examination of patients with CSC and objectively monitoring the clinical course of the serous retinal detachement in this disease. (Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis, 1999, 15: 131-134)
Objective To investigate the characteristics of congenital retinoschisis of optical coherence tomography(OCT) and its clinical application. Methods Eight cases(15 eyes) which were diagnosed as or suspected to retinoschisis in clinic were examined by OCT,direct ophthalmoscopy and color fundus photograph.Three cases(6 eyes) were examined by electroretinogram(ERG) and fundus fluorescein angiography(FFA). Results The typical characteristic OCT images of congenital retinoschisis were cystic maculopathy with tilted and vertical connective filaments,typical split in innner retinal layers in posterior retina and thickening of neurosensory retina with the split of outer retinal layers in membranous remnants. Conclusions OCT can display the characteristics of congenital retinoschisis．It is potentially useful as a new technique for the diagnosis of congenital retinoschisis. (Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis, 1999, 15: 209-211)
Objective To observe the morphologic characters of macular lesions in patients with central retinal vein occlusion(CRVO) in optical coherence tomography(OCT). Methods Thirty-eight patients with the clinical diagnosis of CRVO were examined by OCT.Four scan lines traversing the fovea with the same length and the same angle gap were performed as the basic scan in every eye.Additional scan were selected according to individuals including changing the length or angle of the scan lines and selecting different diameter circle pattern scan. Results Cystoid macular edema (CME) was found in 15 eyes,detachment of the neurosensory retina in 6 eyes，thickened neurosesory retina in 11 eyes,slight intraretinal fluid in 4 eyes,and markedly thichened neurosensory retina in 2 eyes with secondary premacular membrane and intraretinal fluid. Conclusions The major OCT morphologic characters of macular lesions in patinets with CRVO may include:cystoid macular edema,detachment of neurosensory retina,and secondary premacular membrane and pigmentary epithelial changes.These would be helpful for diagnosing and evaluating macular lesion in CRVO. (Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis, 1999, 15: 201-204)