Abstract: The amniotic fluidderived stem cells (AFSC) possess considerable advantageous characteristics including high proliferation potential, easy availability, low immunogenicity and oncogenicity，and accordance with medical ethnics. Moreover, they do not require the sacrifice of human embryos for their isolation and the cells can differentiate into all three kinds of germs. Accordingly，they initiate a new and very promising field in stem cell research and they will be a potential source of stem cells for therapies related to regeneration medicine of cardiovascular diseases. The research about the AFSC utilization in cardiovascular diseases is just started. Though there were some exciting breakthroughs, there still remain many challenges. In the article，we will discuss AFSC characteristics, influence of amniotic fluid harvesting time on stem cells, isolation and purification, emphasizing mainly on the potential of AFSC differentiation into cardiovascular cells, current situation and problems in this field.
Objective To review the latest development of amniotic fluid-derived stem cells (AFSCs) in regenerative medicine, and to discuss issues related to the studies in the field of AFSCs. Methods The recent articles about AFSCs were extensively reviewed. The important knowledge of AFSCs was introduced in the field of regenerative medicine, and the basic and clinical researches of AFSCs were summarized and discussed. Results Currently, it is confirmed that AFSCs have a multi-directional differentiation capacity, therefore, they have a wide application prospect in regenerative medicine, anti-tumor, and other fields. Conclusion AFSCs will become one of the ideal seed cells in the field of regenerative medicine with extensive research value because of the advantages of easy amniotic fluid sampling, little maternal and child trauma, no tumorigenesis, and no ethical restrictions.
Objective To introduce the related issues in the clinical translational application of adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs). Methods The latest papers were extensively reviewed, concerning the issues of ASCs production, management, transportation, use, and safety during clinical application. Results ASCs, as a new member of adult stem cells family, bring to wide application prospect in the field of regenerative medicine. Over 40 clinical trials using ASCs conducted in 15 countries have been registered on the website (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov) of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), suggesting that ASCs represents a promising approach to future cell-based therapies. In the clinical translational application, the related issues included the quality control standard that management and production should follow, the prevention measures of pathogenic microorganism pollution, the requirements of enzymes and related reagent in separation process, possible effect of donor site, age, and sex in sampling, low temperature storage, product transportation, and safety. Conclusion ASCs have the advantage of clinical translational application, much attention should be paid to these issues in clinical application to accelerate the clinical translation process.
Objective To introduce types and differentiation potentials of stem cells from adipose tissue, and its applications on regenerative medicine and advantages. Methods The literature of original experimental study and clinical research about bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs), and dedifferentiated fat (DFAT) cells was extensively reviewed and analyzed. Results ADSCs can be isolated from stromal vascular fraction. As ADSCs have multi-lineage potentials, such as adipogenesis, osteogenesis, chondrogenesis, angiogenesis, myogenesis, and neurogenesis, they have already been successfully used in regenerative medicine areas. Dramatically, mature fat cells can be dedifferentiated and changed into fibroblast-like cells, named DFAT cells, via ceiling culture method. DFAT cells also had the same multi-lineage potentials as ADSCs, differentiating into adipocytes, osteocytes, chondrocytes, endothelial cells, muscle cells, and nerve cells. Compared with BMSCs which are commonly used as adult stem cells, ADSCs and DFAT cells have extensive sources and can be easily acquired. While compared with ADSCs, DFAT cells have good homogeneity and b proliferation capacity. Conclusion As a potential source of stem cells, adipose tissue will provide a new promising for regenerative medicine.
Objective To summarize the research and development of vaginal reconstruction with tissue engineering technology. Methods The recent l iterature concerning vaginal reconstruction with tissue engineering technology at home and abroad was extensively reviewed and the research and development were summarized. Results Tissue engineering providesan ideal material as the inner tissue in vaginalplasty. The reconstructed tissue closely resembles native vaginal tissue in the cellular organization and physical properties. The cl inical use of the tissue engineered vagina in vaginoplasty can not be harmful to an organism, and the neovagina has sufficient length and depth. However, the long-term follow-up is needed. Conclusion Vaginal reconstruction with tissue engineering technology may have good application prospects, but further research is required.
Objective To review the biochemical characteristics, appl ication progress, and prospects of the adiposederived stem cells (ADSCs). Methods The recent original experimental and cl inical l iterature about ADSCs was extensively reviewed and analyzed. Results ADSCs can be readily harvested in large numbers from adipose tissue with properties of stable prol iferation and potential differentiation in vitro. Significant progress of ADSCs is made in the animal experimentand the cl inical appl ication. It has been widely used in the cl inical treatment of cardiovascular disease, metabol ic disease, encephalopathy, and tissue engineering repair. Conclusion ADSCs have gradually replaced bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and become the focused hot spot of regenerative medicine and stem cells.
【Abstract】 Objective To review the recent progress of cell therapy in cl inical appl ications. Methods Therecent l iterature about cell therapy in cl inical appl ications was extensively reviewed. Results Based on the advances in cell biology, especially the rapid progress in stem cell biology, an increasing number of cl inical trials about cell therapy for management of various diseases, such as cardiovascular system diseases, neural system diseases, musculo-skeletal diseases, diabetes, stress urinary incontinence, and others, had been reported with encouraging results. All these showed that cell therapy had great potentials in cl inical appl ication. Conclusion Cell therapy provides a novel approach for the treatment of many human diseases. However, the mechanism remains to be fully elucidated.
Objective To review the development of the liver stem cell transplant for the liver regenerative treatment. Methods The transplantationrelated articles about the stem cell classification, repairing mechanisms, administration routes, and existing problems in the liver regenerative therapies reported in the latest literature were extensively reviewed. Results The related liverrepairing stem cells were found to be inside and outside the liver, i.e., the hepatic stem cells and the nonhepatic stem cells. They could repair the liver by the mechanism of the cell fusion or the celltransdifferentiation. The stem cells could be administrated via the portal vein. However, the application of the liver stem cell transplant was restricted by many related clinical problems. Conclusion Further studies are still needed for an improvement of the clinical feasibility for the stem cell transplantation, especially for the liver stem cell transplantation.