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两种气管切开导管抽吸囊上积液对机械通气患者影响的比较

【摘要】　目的　比较两种气切导管抽吸囊上积液对机械通气患者的影响。　方法　2007年10月-2008年6月收集60例气管切开患者，随机分为试验组及对照组各30例，试验组使用冲洗式气管切开导管，对照组使用普通气管切开导管，采用不同的方法抽吸囊上积液，分别记录抽吸前、抽吸时和抽吸后心率、血压、血氧饱和度，观察并记录患者舒适度的变化。　结果　抽吸时生命体征试验组优于对照组（Plt;0.05）；抽吸后血压、血氧饱和度试验组优于对照组（Plt;0.05）；舒适度方面试验组优于对照组，试验组有1例发生刺激性呛咳（3.3%），对照组有12例发生刺激性呛咳（40%）。　结论　冲洗式气管切开导管行囊上积液抽吸对患者生命体征影响较小、舒适度高，可广泛使用。

Processing Strategy and Etiological Analysis of Relapsed Biliary Calculi after Endoscopic Sphincterotomy

Objective To investigate the best management in treating relapsed biliary calculi after endoscopic sphincterotomy (EST).Methods The clinical data of 96 patients with relapsed biliary calculi after EST in our hospital from February 1999 to February 2009 were retrospectively analysed. The patients were grouped into two groups by the size of calculi under magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography: surgical group (the size of calculi was bigger than 1.0 cm) in 79 cases and non-surgical group (the size of stone was smaller than 1.0 cm and the patients were performed EST again) in 17 cases. The relapsed biliary calculi rate between two groups were compared. Results In the surgical group, the 79 patients (82.29%) were performed common bile duct exploration, transected common bile duct and choledochojejunostomy with Roux-en-Y anastomosis. In the non-surgical group, the 17 patients (17.17%) were performed EST again. The relapsed biliary calculi rate was 2.63% in the surgical group, 70.59% in the non-surgical group. There was marked difference in the relapsed biliary calculi rate between surgical group and non-surgical group (Plt;0.05). Conclusion The operation treatment is the best way for relapsed biliary calculi after EST, and has good curative effect. The best manner of operation treatment is common bile duct exploration, transected common bile duct and choledochojejunostomy with Roux-en-Y anastomosis.

Experience in Complete Appendestectomy by Wedged Dissection of Seromuscular Layer (Report of 72 Cases)

的报道楔形切开浆肌层的全阑尾切除术的临床应用体会。方法对72例根部肿胀增粗、坏疽穿孔合并盲肠壁增厚的急、慢性阑尾炎，从基底部楔形切开盲肠浆肌层，进行全阑尾切除术。结果该72例中无一例发生粪瘘、残端出血、残株炎及肠粘连等并发症。 结论合理应用从基底部楔形切开盲肠浆肌层的全阑尾切除术可有效预防根部肿胀增粗、坏疽穿孔的阑尾切除术后的粪瘘、残端出血、残株炎及肠粘连等并发症。

切开洗胃抢救重度有机磷中毒11例体会

LIVER TRANSECTION BY CURETIAGE AND ASPIRATION—A NEW TECHNIQUE FOR HEPATECTOMY

an easy and safe technique, liver transection by curettage and aspiration (LTCA), using an efficient instrument, Peng’s multifunction operative dissector (PMOD) is described in this article. A comparison brtween two groups of patients undergonig hapatectomy were made. One group were operated on with LTCA; the other group with forceps crush method (FCM). Results: the amount of blood loss with LTCA was only half of that with FCM. The time needed for liver transection with OTCA was 40 percent shorter than that with FCM. After comparision of a variety of currently available techniiques and surgical instruments, it is concluded that LTCA is superior to all other techniques, while PMOD is superior to CUSA.

Clinical analysis of invasive mechanical ventilation with bilevel positive airway pressure non-invasive ventilator

Objective To study the clinical feasibility of invasive mechanical ventilation with bilevel positive airway pressure（BiPAP） non-invasive ventilator in the stable patients needing prolonged mechanical ventilation.Methods Eleven patients with respiratory failure admitted in intensive care unit（ICU）of our department，who needed prolonged mechanical ventilation，between Jun 2004 and Nov 2007 were enrolled in the study and followed until death or Jan 2008.The arterial blood gas analysis data，length of stay(LOS)，LOS after changing to BiPAP non-invasive ventilator（Synchrony，Harmony，RESPIRONICS，VPAP III ST-A，RESMED），survival time after discharge(or fulfilled the discharge standards) were reviewed retrospectively.Results The settings of inspiratory pressure，expiratory pressure and respiratory rate of non-invasive ventilation were 21.3 (16-26) cm H2O，4 cm H2O，and 16 min-1，respectively.The LOS (or up to the discharge standard) was (91.5±50.2) days.The LOS (or up to the discharge standard) after changing to BiPAP ventilator was (23.5±12.2) days.The mean survival time after discharge (or up to the discharge standard) was (353.1±296.5) days.Four patients were still alive up to the end of the study.The arterial pH，PaCO2，PaO2，and SaO2 were not significant different before and after changing to BiPAP ventilator.Conclusion The mechanical ventilation with BiPAP non-invasive ventilator via tracheotomy tube is an alternative choice for stable patients needing prolonged mechanical ventilation.

气管切开术后迟发性出血致死亡一例及文献回顾

A Comparisive Study of Different Airway Humidification Methods in Patients with Tracheotomy During Weaning Process

Objective To compare the efficacy and safety of different airway humidification methods in patients with tracheotomy in weaning process. Methods Twelve patients with tracheotomy in the medical intensive care unit ( MICU) of the First Affiliated Hospital of Sue Yat-sen University fromSeptember 2008 to August 2009 were enrolled in which 45 case /times weaning tests in three different humidification ways were performed( 15 cases in each group) . Wet square gauze method was used in group A and traditional intermittent wet fluid drip method was used in group B. In group C, MR850 humidifier device, RT200 Venturi tube and T tube device were used to perform humidification. Comparisons were carried out between the three groups on sputum viscosity, comfort of patients before and after humidification, length of weaning time, frequencies of irritating coughs and phlegm formation during test period. Sputum viscosity was evaluated by airway secretion score ( AWSS) .Results There was no significant difference of sputum viscosity assessed by AWSS in group A before and after humidification( P gt; 0. 05 ) while AWSS was significantly increased in group B and group C ( P lt;0. 01) , implied that sputum viscosity was significantly lower than that of group A ( P lt;0. 05) . The scores of patients’comfortwere 3. 0 ±0. 4, 5. 0 ±1. 2, and 8. 0 ±1. 7 in groups A, B, and C respectively which mean that the patients in group C felt more comfortable than those in group A and group B ( P lt;0. 01) . Cough frequencies of groups A, B and C per hour were 0. 8,2. 6,and 0. 4 times/hour respectively in which the frequency of group B was significantly higher than those of group A and group C ( P lt;0. 01) . The frequency of phlegm formation in group A was 7 times in 15-times offline record, which was significantly higher than those in group B and group C ( P lt;0. 01) . Conclusions For the patients with tracheotomy in weaning process, MR850 humidifier device, RT200 Venturi tube and T tube device for humidification is superior in reducing sputum viscosity and phlegm formation, improving patient comfort, and reducing the occurrence of irritating cough.

The Early and Middle- long Term Clinical Outcome of Surgical Treatment of Pulmonary Embolism

Abstract: 　Objective　To invest igate the early and m iddle2long term clinical outcome of surgical t reatment for pulmonary th romboembo lism (PTE). 　Methods　The data of 57 cases of surgical t reatment fo r pulmonary embolism from O ctober 1994 to O ctober 2007 in A nzhen Ho sp italw ere analyzed ret ro spect ively, of w h ich 47 casesw ere ch ronic PTE done w ith pulmonary th romboendarterectomy, and 10 w ere acute PTE done w ith pulmonary embo lectomy. 　Results　There w ere 6 (12. 8%) perioperat ive death s in ch ronic PTE and 4 (40. 0%) death s in acute PTE (P =0.030). F ifteen cases suffered w ith residual pulmonary hypertension and 25 casesw ith severe pulmonary reperfusion injury. The pulmonary artery systo lic p ressure (PA SP) and the pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR ) of 41 cases with ch ronic PTE at 72 hours after surgery w ere low ered significant ly than tho se befo re surgery (52. 9±26. 1 mmHg vs. 91. 2±37. 4 mmHg; 410. 3±345. 6 dyn?s/ cm5 vs. 921. 3±497. 8 dyn?s/ cm5). The arterial oxygen saturat ion (SaO 2) and the arterial part ial p ressure of oxygen (PaO 2 ) at 72 hours after surgery w ere h igher significant ly than tho se befo re surgery (94.8% ±2.7% vs. 86.7% ±4.3%; 84. 4±5. 4 mmHg vs. 51. 8±6. 4 mmHg, P lt; 0. 05). With the fo llow -up of 44. 6±39. 3 month s (cumulat ive fo llow -up w as 160. 1 pat ient-years) of the 47 perioperative survivo rs, there w ere 5 late death s, of w h ich 4 ch ronic PTE and 1 acute PTE. A cco rding to Kap lan-Meier survival curve, the 5 years survival rate w as 89. 43%±5. 80% fo r ch ronic PTE and 83. 33%±15. 21% fo r acute PTE (Log rank test= 1.57, P = 0. 2103). The lineal bleeding rate related to ant icoagulat ion w as 1. 25% pat ient-years, and the lineal th romboembo lic rate related to ant icoagulat ion w as 0. 62% pat ient-years. A nd of the 42 mid-long term survivo r, the heart funct ion in 29 cases w as N ew Yo rk Heart A ssociat ion (NYHA ) class I , 10 cases NYHA class II , 3 cases N YHA class III. A cco rding to logist ic regression, the risk facto rs fo r the early death w ere acute PTE (OR = 3.28, peripheral type of PTE (OR = 2. 45) , unadop t ive of deep hypertherm ia and circulato ry arrest (OR = 2.86) ; and the risk facto rs fo r late death w ere peripheral type of PTE (OR = 2. 69) , lower limb edema p rep rocedure (OR = 2.79). 　Conclus ion　The operat ive mo rtality in acute PTE is significant ly h igher than that in ch ronic PTE, and the mid-long term survival rate is agreeable in bo th acute and ch ronic PTE, and the comp licat ions rate related to ant icoagulat ion is relat ively accep table.

Totally Thoracoscopic Surgery Versus Median Sternal Incision in Intracardiac Surgery in Pediatrics

Abstract： Objective To find out goodness and weakness by comparing totally thoracoscopic surgery （TTS）and median sternotomy （MS）with cardiopulmonary bypass for pediatric open heart operation. Methods One hundred and fortyseven patients with ventricular septal defect(VSD) and atrial septal defect(ASD) were randomly divided into two groups according to operative methods, TTS group: patients were operated by totally thoracoscopy; MS group: patients were operated by median sternotomy with cardiopulmonary bypass. The clinical records from two groups were compared on operative effect, complications, hospitalization, ventilation time,variations of main data of blood routine test, drainage of pleura cavity, blood loss and transfusion, and pulmonary function. Results There were no death in two groups. There was VSD residual leak the same day after operation which was cured by TTS in one patient of TTS group. There was one case which bleeding was stopped by second operation in MS group. Followup visit were made to 41 patients for 3 months, no heart murmur was detected. The ultrasonic cardiography (UCG) showed that correcting of VSD and ASD were good and had no residual leak. The hospitalization,aortic clampping time, ventilation time and variations of main data of blood routine test, drainage of pleura cavity, blood transfusion and blood loss in TTS group had no significant difference to those in MS group (Pgt;0.05). Operating times was longer in TTS group than that in MS group, while stays in the intensive care unit were shorter in TTS group than that in MS group (Plt;0.01). Preoperative and 3 months postoperative pulmonary function of both teams had no statistically significant difference in two groups (Pgt;0.05). Conclusion TTS is a safe and effective method to pediatric VSD and ASD as MS is.