【摘要】 目的 探讨不同数量混合血清样本丙肝病毒核酸（HCV RNA）检测在拟输血手术患者中的临床应用。 方法 用酶联免疫吸附试验（enzyme linked immunosorbent assay，ELISA）检测单份血清样本抗-HCV，聚合酶链反应技术（polymerase chain reaction，PCR）检测单份血清样本、5份血清混合样本和10份血清混合样本HCV RNA，并与ELISA检测结果进行比较，确定HCV RNA检测的最适混合血清样本数。 结果 ELISA共检出抗-HCV阳性血清4份。PCR技术检测HCV RNA，单份血清样本组和5份血清混合样本组5例阳性；10份血清混合样本组4例阳性，1例阳性漏检。 结论 拟输血手术患者5份血清混合样本检测HCV RNA能大幅降低人群检测费用，具有良好经济实用性。【Abstract】 Objective To investigate the clinical application of detecting hepatitis C virus ribonucleic acid (HCV RNA) using various number of serum samples from patients planning to receive blood transfusion. Methods Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect anti-HCV for single serum samples, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect HCV RNA of single serum samples, 5 mixed serum samples and 10 mixed serum samples. The results of the two experiments were compared and the best number of samples for HCV RNA detection was analyzed. Results The results of ELISA showed that there were four serum samples with positive anti-HCV. In the detection of HCV RNA by PCR, there were 5 positive samples each for the groups of single serum samples and 5 mixed serum samples, and 4 positive samples for the group of 10 mixed samples with 1 positive case missed. Conclusion It is economical and applicable to use 5 mixed serum samples for the detection of HCV RNA in patients planning to receive blood transfusion.
ObjectiveTo summarize the research progress of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) based on tumor microenvironment immunophenotyping.MethodThe related literatures of basic and clinical studies on HCC immunophenotyping in the recent years were reviewed.ResultsHCC could be divided into different immunophenotypes based on tumor microenvironment, and it showed different immune molecular characteristics, immune cell infiltration characteristics, and anti-tumor ability. At the same time, the HCC immunophenotype was significantly associated with patients’ survival and had been proved to be able to better evaluate the prognosis of HCC patients. According to the relevant molecular characteristics in the HCC immune microenvironment, it could provide guidance for the drug regimen of immunotherapy.ConclusionHCC immunophenotyping is still in the early stage of research, and its clinical application value has been preliminarily shown for the evaluation of patients’ prognosis and immunotherapy decision-making, which is a new idea of individualized treatment of HCC in the future.
ObjectiveTo explore the clinical application of electronic crossmatch technique in the preparation of blood in operation. MethodsBetween January 2012 and December 2012, in the donor and the application operation preparation of blood in patients with ABO/RhD, blood type was detected and antibody was screened. The donors with correct blood type and negative antibody and the patients with accordant results of two blood identification and negative antibody underwent electronic cross-matching by electronic cross-matching rules, and completed the blood preparation program. At the same time, the patients underwent traditional blood cross-matching method for preparation to ensure the blood compatibility and to compare the advantages and disadvantages of the two kinds of preparing methods. ResultsIn 7721 blood samples, 7647 samples matched the electronic cross-matching rules; no incompatibility of ABO/RhD was found using electronic cross-matching by computer system. Also, no incompatibility was found using cross-matching by traditional serum method in 7647 blood samples; the average time was 10 minutes, while 100% occupation of blood preparation for operation was found. ConclusionElectronic cross-matching techniques for preparing operation can save manpower and material resources, and also may optimize the operation process, improve the work efficiency and the safety of blood transfusion.