In recent years, there has been a growing emphasis on use of human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs)for cartilage tissue engineering owing to their ability to differentiate into chondrocytes, which is mainly induced by growth factors (GFs). In general, GFs for chondrogenic induction come from the transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) superfamily. To date, the most commonly used GFs for chondrogenes is TGF-β1/3. However, the response of hADSCs to GFs may differ significantly from that of human bone marrow stem cells (hBMSCs). It has been reported that bone morphogenetic protein-6 (BMP-6) treatment induced TGF-β receptor-Ⅰ expression of hADSCs. It seems that these two cell populations varied strongly in their potency to undergo chondrogenesis in the same medium conditions. Here, we provide a concise review on various GFs used in chondrogenic differentiation of hADSCs in vitro.
Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) drugs, including monoclonal antibodies (such as bevacizumab and ranibizumab) and fusion protein agents (such as aflibercept and conbercept) have been clinically proven to be effective to treat exudative age-related macular degeneration AMD). However, there are still some patients do not or poorly respond to the initial anti-VEGF agents, usually after several injections, ophthalmologists may switch to another anti-VEGF agent. In general, switching of anti-VEGF agent is considered for recurrent AMD, AMD resistance to anti-VEGF treatments. Current switching protocols include the replacement of monoclonal antibodies with fusion protein agents, the replacement of fusion protein agents with monoclonal antibodies, the substitution of one monoclonal antibody with another one, and the replacement of monoclonal antibodies with fusion protein agents and switching back with monoclonal antibodies. However, current researches on the switching of anti-VEGF drugs for exudative AMD are mostly retrospective and single-arm studies, and there are some differences in the results of different studies. Therefore, for patients with exudative AMD who do not respond to or respond poorly to anti-VEGF drugs, the efficacy of switching of anti-VEGF drugs is uncertain right now. Switching of anti-VEGF agents may improve the retinal anatomical outcome of the affected eye but may not necessarily improve visual acuity. Thus it is an option in the clinical practice to treat AMD. To determine the benefits of above mentioned switching regimens, randomized controlled clinical trials with large sample number and long study period will be needed.
ObjectiveTo investigate the value of serum soluble CD146 (sCD146) in determining acquired epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) resistance in lung adenocarcinoma.MethodsA total of 144 lung adenocarcinoma EGFR sensitive patients in People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University diagnosed from January 2016 to December 2016 were recruited in the study. According to the different time of taking drugs, the patients were divided into a non-medication group (31 cases), a 1 to 3 month treatment group (25 cases), a 4 to 6 month treatment group (19 cases), a 7 to 12 month treatment group (25 cases), a drug-resistant group (24 cases), and a nonresistant group up to 1 year of treatment (20 cases). The serum levels of sCD146, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) were measured by ELISA and chemiluminescence and compared between different period of medication. The relationship of serum sCD146 with tumor markers (CEA, NSE) and tumor related clinical parameters (age, gender, tumor stage, metastasis, tumor diameter, number of the lesions) were analyzed.ResultsThe serum sCD146 level was minimum in the non-medication group that did not receive pioglitazone treatment, highest in the 1 to 3 month treatment group (early treatment period), and declined with duration of medication until resistance occurred without significant difference (P>0.05). The level of sCD146 of the drug-resistant group was significantly lower than that of all nonresistant groups, with significant difference (allP<0.05), but still higher than that of the non-medication group (P<0.05). The serum sCD146 levels in the nonresistant patients with medication over 1 year and within 1 year were similar (P>0.05), and significantly higher than the non-medication group and drug-resistance group (allP<0.05). The serum CEA levels did not differ significantly between 6 groups (P>0.05). The serum NSE level of the 4 to 6 month treatment group was lower than that of the 7 to 12 month treatment group (P<0.05), but both in the normal reference range. The NSE levels did not differ in any other groups (P>0.05). Serum sCD146 was associated with metastasis (P<0.05), but not associated with serum CEA or NSE, nor with sex, age, tumor staging, tumor diameter or lesion number (allP>0.05).ConclusionsCD146 may be involved in the mechanism of TKI killing tumor cells and the mechanism of TKI resistance, and may be a serological marker for monitoring the efficacy of TKI and judging the resistance of TKI.
【摘要】 目的 总结2例特重烧伤患者在ICU的救治经验和体会，旨在进一步提高特重烧伤患者的救治水平。 方法 回顾分析2009年6月2例重症烧伤患者的诊治经过程和临床资料。 结果 1例患者病情好转，转出ICU继续治疗，1例患者伤后37 d因消化道出血死亡。 结论 特重烧伤患者的治疗需要整体计划和多科协作。【Abstract】 Objective To summarize the experiences of the management of two patients with severe burn, so as to improve the treatment of severe burn patients. Method Treating processes and clinical data of two patients with severe burn in June 2009 were analyzed retrospectively. Result After prompt treatments, one patient died of severe bleeding in the digestive tract 37 days after the burn and the other patient recovered and left ICU for further treatment. Conclusion Bundle treatment and multi-subject cooperation are important for treating patients with severe burn.
Objective To summarize the assessment methods of anal function after low/ultralow rectal anastomosis in patients with rectal cancer. Methods Domestic and international publications on the study of evaluation of anal function after low/ultralow rectal anastomosis in patients with rectal cancer were collected and reviewed. Results Anal function of patients with rectal cancer was usually evaluated by feeling of discharge, continence, perceptual function of rectum, defecate frequency, and defecation time, anal manometry and three-dimensional vector manometry were used as well. Recovery of anal function in patients with rectal cancer after low/ultralow rectal anastomosis depended on the integrity of anal canal, length of remaining rectum, level of anastomosis, and integrity of mucosa. Conclusions Subjective assessment methods and auxiliary measuring instruments are the common means to evaluate the rectal-anal function. Subjective assessment method is simple and direct, but its accuracy is low; Auxiliary measuring instruments have high accuracy, while their examination costs are high and that of costs are not popular, the new assessment methods are needed for further research.
ObjectiveTo explore the corresponding intervention measures to reduce maternal mortality rate by analyzing the causes and problems of maternal deaths. MethodsA retrospective analysis was conducted to analyze all cases of maternal mortality from January 2005 to June 2013 in West China Second University Hospital. ResultsAmong the 14 cases of maternal deaths, the main diseases of the patients were pregnancy complicated with heart disease, hypertensive disorders, obstetric hemorrhage, amniotic fluid embolism and ectopic pregnancy. Four cases got prescriptive prenatal care during pregnancy, accounting for 28.6% (4/14), while 10 cases did not, accounting for 71.4% (10/14). Six patients died in prenatal period which accounted for 42.9% (6/14), while 8 died in postnatal period which accounted for 57.1% (6/14) and 5 died within 24 hours which accounted for 62.5% (5/8). Seven underwent cesarean section and 6 fetuses survived. Two went through trial of labor and no fetus survived. There was no ordered postmortem. ConclusionIntensifying education of prenatal care during pregnancy, improving quality of obstetrical service and diathesis of healthcare professionals, strengthening the supervision of high-risk pregnancy and timely choosing the time and manner of delivery are the main measures to decrease the maternal mortality.