Objective To analyze chemical drugs included in the National Essential Medicines List (EML) of China, to provide reference on how to improve the selection criteria and strengthen management and supply of essential medicines. Methods Dosage form, specification and manufacturers of 201 kinds of chemical drugs included in the EML were retrieved through SFDA website, data collection and analysis were conducted using Excel software. Results Domestic chemical drugs in EML involved 24 kinds of dosage forms, 644 kinds of specifications, 37 854 kinds of drugs for sales, and 2 908 manufacturers. Imported chemical drugs in EML involved 12 kinds of dosage forms, 43 kinds of specifications, 113 kinds of drugs for sales, and 53 manufacturers. Included drugs were primarily normal dosage forms while chemical drugs had many different specifications. Medicines duplication in production was serious and the distribution in market was unbalanced. The sole and exclusive dosage form variety lacked of effective evidence. Selection mechanism and reevaluation needed to be developed. Conclusion It is suggested to include drug specification in EML, and refer to spectrum of diseases for detailed selection mechanism of essential drugs, reevaluation of the listed drugs and formulate strict drug bidding rules so as to optimize EML.
Objective To compare and evaluate the effectiveness and safety of irinotecan (IRI) versus oxaplatin (OXA), in combination with 5-FU/LV for patients with advanced colorectal cancer. Methods The literature search, study selection and assessment, data collection and analysis were undertaken by two reviewers according to the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) or quasi-RCTs comparing IRI versus OXA, in combination with 5-FU/LV in the treatment of advanced colorectal cancer were collected. Results Seven studies involving 2107 patients were included. The OXA/5-FU/LV regimen was superior or at least equal to the IRI/5-FU/LV regimen in prolonging overall survival and time to progression. The OXA/5-FU/LV regimen showed a higher response rate and was associated with lower toxicities. Conclusion Compared with IRI, OXA is more appropriate for the treatment of advanced colorectal cancer when combined with 5-FU/LV.
目的 探讨胃癌组织中人表皮生长因子受体（EGFR）、表皮生长因子受体-2（HER-2）和环氧合酶-2（COX-2）的表达及与临床病理特征的关系。 方法 应用免疫组织化学Envision二步法，检测70例胃癌组织中EGFR、HER-2和COX-2的表达情况，并结合其临床病理特点进行分析。 结果 EGFR、HER-2和COX-2在胃癌组织中的表达阳性率分别为35.7%（25/70）、27.1%（19/70）、67.1%（47/70）。阳性表达与肿瘤分化程度、侵袭深度、有无淋巴结转移及TNM分期有关（P＜0.05），而与患者的性别及年龄、肿瘤部位和大小无关（Pgt;0.05）。EGFR、HER-2和COX-2三者之间在胃癌组织中的表达均呈正相关（P＜0.05）。 结论 EGFR、HER-2和COX-2的表达参与胃癌的生长、侵袭和转移过程。它们的联合检测有助于胃癌患者靶向药物的选择，也为胃癌的预后判断提供客观的参考指标。Objective To observe the expressions of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), HER-2 and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in gastric carcinoma (GC) and to explore the relationship among them. Methods The envision immunohistochemical stain method was used to detect EGFR, HER-2 and COX-2 protein expressions in sample of 70 GC tissues. And their corresponding pathologic features were analyzed. Results The positive expression rates of EGFR, HER-2 and COX-2 protein in GC tissue were 35.7% (25/70), 27.1% (19/70) and 67.1% (47/70), respectively. The positive expression rates were closely relevant to the differentiation of the cancer, invasion depth, lymphatic metastasis and TNM (P＜0.05), but not to the patient’ s sex, age, tumor site and size (P＞0. 05). There was a stable positive correlation among EGFR, HER-2 and COX-2 expressions in GC tissues, respectively. Conclusions EGFR, HER-2 and COX-2 expressions participate in the development, invasion and metastasis process of GC. Combined detection can be regarded as an important symbol for guiding the molecular targeting therapy of GC, and judging the prognosis of GC.
目的：探讨荧光原位杂交技术（FISH）检测乳腺癌Her2/neu的扩增情况，比较FISH法与免疫组织化学（IHC）法检测结果的一致性。方法：收集乳腺癌患者手术切除的肿瘤标本50例。经石蜡包埋，组织切片后，应用FISH法检测Her2/neu扩增情况，IHC法检测Her2/neu蛋白表达情况，并对两种检测方法的结果进行统计学分析。结果：50例标本中FISH阳性17例，FISH阴性33例，FISH阳性率34%（17/50）。 50例标本中IHC（~）14例，IHC(0~+)36例，IHC蛋白表达率28%(14/50)。FISH法与IHC法检测结果的总符合率为82%(41/50)(K=0.581)。结论：FISH法具有较高的稳定性与可靠性，临床开展FISH法检测Her2/neu基因扩增情况作为IHC法的补充, 可以更加准确和客观地对乳腺癌患者的治疗和预后进行评价。
供应室消毒工作是预防和控制医院感染的必要手段，加强对化学消毒剂的严格管理和合理使用又是取得最佳消毒效果的重要保证。因此在消毒剂的选择和使用上应加强管理，严格把关
Objective To investigate the relationship between the expressions of mismatch repair （MMR） genes （include hMLH1 and hMSH2） and clinicopathological features and prognosis of hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer （HNPCC）. Methods Immunohistochemistry method （Elivision-two step） was used to test expressions of hMLH1 and hMSH2 proteins （both hMLH1 and hMSH2 protein-positive delimited as MMR protein-positive） in 48 patients with HNPCCaccording to revised Bethesda guidelines， and analyzed the relationship between the expression of MMR protein and clinicopathological features and prognosis of HNPCC. Results Loss rate of hMLH1 protein （20.83%，10/48） was signi-ficantly higher than that of hMSH2 protein （8.33%，4/48）， Ρ＜0.05， and positive expression rate of MMR protein was 70.83% （34/48）. Expression of MMR protein was related with tumor infiltration depth （Ρ＜0.05）. Survival rate of patients with expression and without expression of MMR protein was 85.29% （29/34） and 85.71% （12/14）， respectively， the survival curves of them didn’t significantly differed from each other （Ρ＞0.05）. Conclusions Loss rate of hMLH1 protein is higher than that of hMSH2 protein. Expre ssions of hMLH1 and hMSH2 protein are related with tumor infiltration depth， but not related with prognosis.
Objective To compare the positive rate of zinc finger protein A20， NF-κB p65 protein， and P-glyco- protein between primary hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC） tissues and paratumor tissues， and to explore the relationship between the 3 kinds of proteins and pathological features of HCC. Methods Thirty-two HCC tissues and 26 paratumor tissues resected from patients with HCC treated in our hospital from Feb. 2009 to Aug. 2010 were enrolled. Clinical data were also collected from files. The expressions of zinc finger protein A20， NF-κB p65 protein， and P-glycoprotein were tested by immunohistochemistry. Results The positive rate of zinc finger protein A20， NF-κB p65 protein， and P-glycoprotein in HCC tissues were 87.5%（28/32）， 81.3%（26/32）， and 65.6%（21/32）， respectively， which were higher than that in paratumor tissues〔61.5%（16/26）， 34.6%（9/26）， and 30.8%（8/26）， respectively〕， P＜0.05. The three kinds of proteins were all closely related with HbsAg， and zinc finger protein A20 was related with cirrhosis in addition （P＜0.05）. Conclusions The positive rate of zinc protein A20， NF-κB p65 protein， and P-glycoprotein are much higher in primary HCC tissues than that in paratumor tissus， and they may play an important role in preoperative determination of hepatic tumors.
Objective To investigate the expressions of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and caudal homeobox gene 2 (CDX2) in colorectal adenocarcinoma, and the relationships between them and the clinicopathologic factor of colorectal adenocarcinoma. Methods The expressions of HIF-1α and CDX2 were detected by immunohistochemistry in 62 specimens of colorectal adenocarcinoma and 20 specimens of normal colorectal mucosa tissue. The correlation between the expressions of HIF-1α and CDX2 was analyzed by Spearman rank correlation analysis. Results The positive rates of HIF-1α expression in normal colorectal mucosa tissue and colorectal adenocarcinoma were 5.0% （1/20） and 62.9% （39/62）, CDX2 were 95.0% （19/20） and 69.4% （43/62）, the differences of positive rate between different tissues were significant （Plt;0.05）. In colorectal adenocarcinoma, the expression of HIF-1α or CDX2 was related to tumor differentiation, lymph node metastasis, and Dukes staging (Plt;0.05). There was a negative correlation between HIF-1α and CDX2 expressions in colorectal adenocarcinoma （r=－0.293 2，Plt;0.05）. Conclusions The up-regulation of HIF-1α and down-regulation of CDX2 may be involved in the genesis of colorectal adenocarcinoma， and there is a negative correlation between the two kinds of protein. HIF-1α may participate in modulation of CDX2 expression and lead to accelerate the progression of colorectal carcinoma.
Objective To investigate the effects and significance of nerve growth factor (NGF) and its high affinity receptor of tyrosine kinase A (TrkA) expressions on proliferative connective tissue of bile duct in rats after bile duct ligation (BDL). Methods Forty-six female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into two groups: control group ( n =6) and BDL group ( n =40). The model of obstructive jaundice in rat was made by bile duct ligation, then duodenohepatic ligament was taken and treated with anti-NGF and anti-TrkA receptor antibody. Expressions of NGF and TrkA receptor in connective tissue of bile duct were investigated by immunohistochemistry, blood specimens were collected from left ventricle to detect serum total bilirubin (TB) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT). Results After BDL, TB level obviously elevated in the third day, and continued until the fourteenth day, then descended. By day 21 and 28, it returned to normal level. Compared with normal bile duct, due to bile stasis, an increased thickness of the bile duct wall was observed by microscope which correlated with the proliferation and differentiation of connective tissue cell. NGF and TrkA were expressed by the cell membrane and the cytoplasm of connective tissue cell and inflammatory infiltration cell after BDL. The trend between their expressions and bilirubin levels was similar. Conclusion NGF and its receptor TrkA regulate the proliferate and differentiation of connective cell in bile duct. They may play a key role in the formation of bile duct scar, which seems to be hardly reversed by relief of bile stasis in a short time.