摘要:目的:调查呼和浩特市地区变应性疾病患者常见变应原的分布情况。方法:以720例变应性疾病的患者为研究对象,进行11种吸入性变应原皮肤点刺试验,测定致敏变应原。结果:720例变应性疾病患者中577例(80.1％)变应原测试有阳性反应。577例阳性病例中艾蒿阳性率最高,315例(54.6％),其次是螨虫254例(44.0％)。结论:艾蒿、螨虫是呼和浩特市地区变应性疾病的最常见变应原。Abstract: Objective: To study the distribution of common allergens among patients of allergic diseases in Hohhot area.Method: Seven hundred and twenty cases of allergic disease were selected and 11 items of inhaled allergen skin prick tests were carried out to determine the allergens.Results:Five hundred and seventyseven patients out of the 720 (801％) reacted positively to allergen tests.Three hundreds aned fifty cases (546％) were positive in the mugwort,254 cases (440％) were positive in the mites.Conclusion: Mugwort and mites are the most common allergens in Hohhot area.
变应原特异性免疫治疗(SIT)是目前已知的唯一能改变变态反应性疾病患者对变应原免疫的类型，并有可能治愈变态反应性疾病的方法。通常是通过反复多次皮下注射，即皮下免疫治疗(SCIT)，诱导患者对变应原的耐受，但因其不良反应较大，并有可能引起过敏性休克等原因而使其应用受到限制。近来通过舌下含服的方法进行免疫治疗，即舌下免疫治疗(SLIT)，引起了临床上广泛的兴趣。与SCIT相比，SLIT完全由患者自己使用药物，因此更方便，临床研究也证实这种方法更安全，也更有效。而且与药物治疗相比，SLIT可以显著降低临床费用，减轻患者和社会的负担。但是SLIT诱导免疫耐受的确切机制目前仍不清楚。
ObjectiveTo investigate the common inhalant allergens causing allergic rhinitis in underage patients, and provide references for clinical prevention of allergic rhinitis. MethodsUnderage patients with allergic rhinitis admitted to our hospital between January 2010 and June 2013 were screened and skin prick test (SPT) was applied to investigate the response intensity to 22 kinds of common inhalant allergens and analyze the correlation of the positive rates and grades of allergens with age and sex. ResultsA total of 402 patients were included, and 77.6% (312/402) of them reported positive reaction of SPT; and the top five allergens were dust mites (242/402, 60.2%), house dust (235/402, 58.5%), housefly (142/402, 35.3%), spring pollen Ⅲ (133/402, 33.1%) and mulberry silk (121/402, 30.1%), respectively. Compared with patients whose age was younger than 5 years, both the positive rates and grades of SPT were significantly higher in patients above 5 years old. Additionally, the higher positive rates and grades of SPT were also observed much more in male patients than female patients. ConclusionThe most common inhalant allergens causing allergic rhinitis in underage patients are dust mites and house dust. And the SPT response intensity of inhalant allergens can be affected by age and gender.