The European Society for Vascular Surgery (ESVS) 2022 clinical practice guidelines showed us venous thrombosis management in January 2022. In terms of iliac vein diseases, it retained some guiding views, upgraded some guiding views, and added some new views compared with the version 2015. It has good guidance and reference significance for medical staff and patients. The part of the guidelines about iliac vein disease is worth our interpretation.
Objective To observe the efficacy of lamellar hole-associated epiretinal proliferation (LHEP) flap insertion and autologous blood for degenerative type lamellar macular hole (LMH). Methods Retrospective case review. Twenty-eight eyes of 28 patients with LMH were enrolled in this study. There were 2 males (2 eyes) and 26 females (26 eyes). Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), medical optometry, slit-lamp biomicroscop, indirect ophthalmoscope, spectral domain optical coherence tomography, b-scan ultrasonography and axial length detection were performed on all patients. Logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) was used to calculate visual acuity. There were 10 eyes (35.7%) with degenerative type LMH (flap insertion group) and LHEP. There were 18 eyes (64.3%) with tractional type LMH (general group). The differences of BCVA, AL, horizontal hole diameter from retina and lens state between two groups were not significant (P＞0.05). The differences of horizontal hole diameter of internal limiting membrane (ILM), central foveal thickness (CFT) and integrity of ellipsoidal zone between two groups were significant (P＜0.05). LHEP flap insertion and autologous blood without ILM peeling were used in eyes of flap insertion group. Vitrectomy combined ILM peeling were used in eyes of general group. The follow-up was ranged from 3 to 14 months. The changes of CFT, central foveal form and logMAR BCVA were observed. Results At latest follow-up, the BCVA of flap insertion group and general group were 0.34±0.27, 0.31±0.29; which significantly better than the preoperative BCVA (Z=−3.519, −4.945; P＜0.001). The CFT of flap insertion group and general group were (200.10±58.78), (226.61±70.49) μm. There was no difference between pre- and post-operative CFT in eyes of general group (Z=−1.455, P=0.146). There was significant difference between pre- and post-operative CFT in eyes of flap insertion group (Z=−2.798, P=0.005). In flap insertion group, regular recovery of the foveal contour occurred in 9 eyes (90.0%), improvement in 1 eyes (10.0%). In general group, regular recovery of the foveal contour occurred in 10 eyes (55.6%), improvement in 8 eyes (44.4%). The closure rate of LMH were 100% both in two groups. Conclusion LHEP flap insertion and autologous blood is an effective treatment of degenerative type LMH.