Abstract： Objective To explore the clinical correction of Ebstein’s anomaly using a modified Carpentier’s method and summarize the clinical experience . Methods We retrospectively analyzed data for 13 consecutive patients（ 6 males and 7 females, with an age of 26.8±13.5 years） with Ebstein’s anomaly who underwent operation in the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University between June 2006 and August 2010. All patients underwent correction using a modified Carpentier’s method. Operative techniques included excising and suturing the right atrialized chamber; puckering and shortening the tricuspid annulus；detaching the septal and posterior leaflet and/or part of the anterior leaflet from the displaced annulus; broadening and enlarging the area of the posterior/septal valve leaflet using autologous pericardium, and reattaching them to the true tricuspid annulus；transecting and reimplanting the papillary muscle and chordae; and simultaneously correcting any other congenital malformations. Results All patients survived and recovered well. The cardiac functional grading ranged from Ⅰ to Ⅱ (New York Heart Association ). All patients were followed up for 3 to 15 months (average 8 months). Postoperative echocardiograpy showed disappearance of tricuspid incompetence in 10 patients and mild or moderate tricuspid incompetence in 3 patients. The patients’ tricuspid valve leaflets were all at the normal level. At three months and at one year postoperation, rechecked echocardiograpy showed opening and closing of the tricuspid and right ventricular function recovering well, with no obvious incompetence in 12 patients, and moderate tricuspid incompetence lightened to mild in 1 patient. All patients returned to normal work and life. Conclusion Our technique for correcting Ebstein’s anomaly using a modified Carpentier’s method had satisfactory early results. The patients’ right ventricles were effectively reshaped and recovered function through excising and suturing the right atrialized chamber, and favorable tricuspid valvuloplasty effect was achieved by reattaching the enlarged leaflets using autologous pericardium to the true tricuspid annulus, and by transecting and reimplantating the papillary muscle and chordae.
Abstract: Objective To investigate the method of improving effect, by investigating and analyzing the possible risk factors affecting shortterm outcome after total correction of tetralogy of Fallot (TOF). Methods Data of 219 patients who received total correction of TOF were divided into two groups according to the length of postoperative stay in hospital and recovery of heart function in the near future. Group A(n=110): patients had good recovery of heart function classified as gradeⅠorⅡ（NYHA classification）, and could smoothly be discharged from the hospital within two weeks without serious complications. The left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) had to exceed to 0.50 during 6 months followup visit. Group B(n=109): patients had worse recovery of heart function classified as grade Ⅱ or Ⅲ, and could not be discharged within two weeks with severe complications. LVEF was less than 0.50 during 6 months followup visit. The clinical data of two groups were compared, and risk factors affecting shortterm outcome after total correction of TOF operation were analyzed by logistic regression and model selection. Results There were good recovery of heart function classified as gradeⅠorⅡ(NYHA classification）in discharge, no death, and LVEF all exceeded to 0.50 in group A; there were 8 deaths in group B (7.34 %), and recovery of heart function was worse classified as grade Ⅱ or Ⅲ, with LVEF being less than 0.50（Plt;0.01）. Amount of postoperative daily thoracic drainage, assisted respiration time, time of inotropic agent stabilizing circulation, and the average length of postoperative stay in group A were all less or short than those in group B（Plt;0.01）. But the bypass and clamping time of group B were exceeded group A. The ratio of patching astride annulus in group B was greater than that in group A, and Nakata index was less than that in group A(Plt;0.01). The results of logistic regression and model selection indicate: age at repair (OR=0.69), oxygen saturation(OR=0.98), haematocrit before operation (OR=0.94), and patching astride annulus (OR=46.86), Nakata index (OR=16.90), amount of postoperative daily thoracic drainage (OR=0.84), presence of arrhythmia(OR=0.87), and wound infection(OR=63.57) have significant effect with shortterm outcome after total correction of TOF operation. Conclusions The probable methods to improving effect of shortterm outcome after total correction of TOF are an earlier age at repair, decreasing haematocrit, rising oxygen saturation before surgery, performing a palliative operation facilitating development of arteriae pulmonalis in earlier time, improving the surgical technique, and strengthening the perioperative care.
ObjectiveTo summarize the clinical experiences of minimally invasive cardiac surgery (MICS) for cardiac atrioventricular valve reoperation.MethodsPerioperative data of 32 patients who underwent MICS for cardiac atrioventricular valve reoperation from 2009 to 2019 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University were retrospectively reviewed, including 13 males and 19 females with a mean age of 51.0±12.6 years. All patients were given combined intravenous and inhalation anesthesia, and a double-lumen tube for mechanical ventilation. Cardiopulmonary bypass was established in all patients by femoral artery and venous cannulation or combined with percutaneous superior vena cava cannulation, without aortic cross-clamping. The MICS approaches included right anterolateral small incision surgery, thoracoscopic assisted small incision surgery and total thoracoscopic surgery. The clinical data of the 32 patients were compared with the perioperative indicators of 24 patients undergoing reoperation with conventional median thoracotomy during the same period.ResultsAmong them, 21 patients underwent isolated tricuspid valve replacement, 4 isolated tricuspid valvuloplasty, 1 combined tricuspid valve replacement and atrial septal defect repair and 6 combined mitral valve replacement and tricuspid valvuloplasty. Twenty-seven patients completed the operation in a beating heart, and 5 under the condition of ventricular fibrillation. Operation time (3.23±1.56 h vs. 5.46±2.13 h, P<0.001), postoperative mechanical ventilation time (9.19±5.40 h vs. 43.23±21.74 h, P<0.001), ICU stay (35.03±18.26 h vs. 79.15±22.43 h, P<0.001) and hospital stay of patients with minimally invasive surgery (9.35±6.43 d vs. 15.85±7.56 d, P=0.001) were shorter than those with median thoracotomy. And the extracorporeal circulation time was not significantly prolonged. There were 4 perioperative complications in patients with minimally invasive surgery, and 1 died in hospital after operation.ConclusionMICS for cardiac atrioventricular valve reoperation can avoid the risk of median sternotomy and separation of cardiac scar adhesion. Especially, total thoracoscopic surgery has more advantages when compared with other operations, including less trauma, less myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury, more rapid recovery and fewer postoperative complications. Total thoracoscopic surgery may be the development direction of MICS for cardiac atrioventricular valve reoperation. However we should take effective and feasible measures to solve the problems caused by cardiopulmonary bypass.