众所周知，机体存在免疫监视和抗肿瘤免疫功能，是防止肿瘤发生、发展的天然屏障，乳腺癌的发生说明机体免疫系统的监视作用已经失效，乳腺癌的发展提示机体自身的抗肿瘤免疫已不足以阻止肿瘤的生长，这一事实提示人们，在机体发生恶性肿瘤时，自身的防御机能减弱或受到抑制。因此，临床工作者一直不懈努力，探索各种用免疫学原理和技术治疗乳腺癌的方法，以提高临床治疗效果。随着科学技术的发展和进步，有关乳腺癌免疫治疗的基础和临床应用研究发展很快，成为基础研究和临床结合紧密的成功范例之一。各种新的理论、新的技术不断涌现，最新的实验研究成果快速引入临床实践，在很多方面已有明显的突破。目前，乳腺癌的免疫治疗已成为继手术治疗、放射治疗、化疗和内分泌治疗以外的新的有效治疗手段，并将随着研究的深入而起到越来越重要的作用。
Objective To determine the investigation progression on exemestane in the treatment of breast cancer. Methods The literatures of recent years on the studies of exemestane were reviewed. Results Exemestane is an effective steroidal aromatase inactivator with superior tolerability, safety and efficacy in the adjuvant, neo-adjuvant and metastatic therapy of breast cancer. Conclusion With the progression of clinical trial with exmestane, exemestane will be regarded as an important drug in comprehensive therapy of breast cancer.
Objective To review recent studies on the research advance of the relationship between RET proto-oncogene and differentiated thyroid carcinoma. Methods The literatures in recent years on the structure of RET gene and coding product,cell signal transduction,relationship between RET proto-oncogene and differentiated thyroid carcinoma were reviewed. Results RET gene encoding tyrosine kinase receptor,involving in cell signal transduction,rearrangement of RET gene was frequently seen in papillary thyroid carcinoma. Conclusion Rearrangement of RET gene was closely correlated with the occurrence and progress of differentiated thyroid carcinoma,RET gene may be considered as a new therapeutic target for differentiated thyroid carcinoma.