目的:了解成都市3~6岁学龄前儿童超重、单纯性肥胖发展趋势和干预效果,以寻求更有效的干预措施。方法:自2000~2007年对成都市五城区所有一类托幼园所3~6岁儿童进行调查,对其超重、肥胖发生、发展动态趋势进行分析研究,并设重点干预点进行连续干预监测。参照WHO标准,应用身高别体重法评价儿童超重和肥胖。结果:2000~2005年中,成都市学龄前儿童超重、单纯性肥胖发生率显著升高(2000年为6.50%、2.14%;2005年为9.57%,4.39%,Plt;0.001);通过对托幼园所实施肥胖干预后,2005~2007年儿童超重、单纯性肥胖检出率处于稳定控制状态(2007年为9.13%,4.17%,Pgt;0.05)。2005~2007年对本市15所托幼机构实施重点干预后,儿童超重、肥胖检出率为8.51%,3.26%,明显降低(Plt;0.05),而一般干预点,超重、肥胖发生率明显升高(10.42%,5.12%,Plt;0.05)。结论:学龄前儿童超重、单纯性肥胖呈上升趋势,有效的干预措施能控制超重和肥胖发生率。
ObjectiveTo investigate the oral health status of three to five year-old Uygur and Han children in Yining region of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, so as to provide scientific basis of corresponding countermeasures. MethodsA stratified, multistage and cluster sampling method was used to select 1 000 three to five year-old preschoolers from urban and rural districts in Yining region of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. The dental caries rate and oral health situation of included children by age, sex, nationality, and region were analyzed. ResultA total of 965 children were included. The response rate was 96.5%. The prevalence of deciduous dental caries was 81.24% with the mean DMFT score of 4.44. There were significant differences in levels of caries among different age groups, the prevalence of dental caries and mean DMFT score increased gradually as the children were growing up (P<0.05). The rate of filling teeth was 1.66%, and untreated caries was 98.34%. Maxillary deciduous central incisors and mandibular deciduous molar were most prone to decay. There were significant different oral hygiene status and malocclusion levels between the Uygur and Han, urban and rural districts, different age groups (all P values <0.05). ConclusionThe oral health status among three to five year-old preschoolers is not optimistic in Yining region of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. Integrated treatment and preventive programs are urgently needed.
ObjectivesTo investigate the occurrence and parents’ cognition of accidental injury among pre-school children in Nanchong city, and provide advice and countermeasures to reduce accidental child injuries.MethodsUsing the multi-stage cluster sampling method, a total of 945 students and parents from 3 classes in each of 4 kindergartens in three districts of Nanchong city were surveyed with questionnaire.ResultsA total of 945 questionnaires were issued and 858 valid questionnaires were returned and the effective response rate was 90.79%. The incidence of incidental injury of pre-school children in Nanchong city was 25.99%, with no difference between boys and girls, and no difference between age groups. The top three injuries were falling (35.64%), smashing/touching/squeezing (22.11%), cutting/stabbing (10.56%). The child smashing/touching/squeezing rate was higher in boys than in girls, the difference was statistically significant (χ2=5.549, P=0.018). The top three places of the occurred injury were outdoor (53.67%), home (43.58%), and playground and kindergarten (13.76%). Between parents who possess injury-related knowledge and those who didn’t, there was no difference in the incidence of accidental injuries among their children. Parents often learned from cell phone (23.88%), TV (21.76%) and computer (18.11%). Ways in which they most hoped to learn from were the school advertised education (22.67%), TV (18.80%) and cell phones (17.75%). Of all types of emergency management skills, the top three figures acquired by the largest population were post-burn emergency treatment (72.03%), emergency treatment for traumatic bleeding (52.56%) and emergency treatment of animal bites (37.53%).ConclusionsThe incidence of accident injuries is high in urban areas of Nanchong city. The safety management of home and kindergarten should be strengthened, including schools' safety education and skills training for children and parents.
Objective To systematically review the effects of the early childhood physical activity program (ECPAP) on gross motor skill (GMS) in preschool children. Methods We searched Web of Science, PubMed, Cochrane Library, EBSCO SPORTDiscus with Full Text, CNKI, WanFangData and VIP databases to collect randomized controlled trails (RCT) about ECPAP for improving GMS in preschool children from the establishment of the database to August 8, 2022. Two reviewers independently screened the literature, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias of the included studies. Meta-analysis was then performed using RevMan 5.4.1 and Stata 15.0 software. Results A total of 18 studies including 1 141 children in experimental group and 1 135 children in control group were included. The results of meta-analysis showed that after ECPAP, the GMS (SMD=1.96, 95%CI 1.44 to 2.49), locomotor skills (SMD=1.15, 95%CI 0.83 to 1.46) and manipulative skills (SMD=1.25, 95%CI 0.84 to 1.65) of the experimental group were significantly better than those of the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion ECPAC is considered to significantly promote the GMS of preschool children. Due to the limited quantity and quality of the included studies, more high-quality studies are needed to verify the above conclusion.
ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of positive family behavior support on emotional and behavioral problems in preschool children with epilepsy. Methods A total of 80 preschool epileptic children and their parents who were admitted to the Department of Neurology of our hospital from October 2022 to February 2023 were selected as the research objects, and were divided into experimental group and control group with 40 cases each by random number table method. The control group received neurology routine nursing, and the experimental group received positive family behavior support intervention based on the control group. The scores of family intimacy and adaptability scale, strengths and difficulties questionnaire, medication compliance and quality of life of epilepsy children were compared before and after intervention between the two groups. ResultsAfter intervention, the scores of strength and difficulty questionnaire in experimental group were lower than those in control group (P<0.05), and the scores of family intimacy and adaptability scale, quality of life and medication compliance in experimental group were higher than those in control group (all P<0.05). ConclusionThe application of positive family behavior support program can reduce the occurrence of emotional behavior problems, improve family closeness and adaptability, improve medication compliance, and improve the quality of life of preschool children with epilepsy.
Objective To explore the influencing factors of flexible flatfoot in preschool children and the therapeutic effects of orthopedic insoles intervention. Methods Convenient sampling method was used to select 1-to-6-year-old children who visited the Prosthetics and Orthotics, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine at the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University between April 2019 and December 2023. According to the follow-up visits of children wearing orthopedic insoles after 1 year, the follow-up group was divided into the experimental group, and those who did not follow up were matched with the experimental group based on general information to form the control group. The degree of flatfoot of both feet, hallux valgus angle, heel valgus angle, knee valgus angle, navicular drop height, tibial torsion angle, foot posture index, and joint flexibility of children at the initial visit and follow-up were evaluated. Ordered multinomial logistic regression analysis was used to assess the factors influencing the degree of flatfoot of children’s feet. Results A total of 976 children were included at the initial visit, all wearing orthopedic insoles. Among them, there were 805 cases in the control group and 171 cases in the experimental group. There were no statistically significant differences in gender, age, height, or weight between the two groups (P>0.05). A comparison of the experimental group before and after wearing orthopedic insoles for 1 year showed that the degree of flatfoot of both feet, heel valgus angle, knee valgus angle, foot posture index, and joint flexibility were lower at the follow-up visit than those at the initial visit (P<0.05); the remaining parameters showed no statistically significant differences (P>0.05). At the follow-up visit of the experimental group, both heel valgus angle, knee valgus angle, and foot posture index were lower than those in the control group (P<0.05); the other parameters showed no statistically significant differences (P>0.05). Age and tibial torsion angle were negatively correlated with the degree of flatfoot (P<0.001), while hallux valgus angle, heel valgus angle, knee valgus angle, navicular drop height, foot posture index, and body mass index were positively correlated with the degree of flatfoot (P<0.05). There was a difference in the degree of flatfoot between male and female children (χ2=99.76, P<0.001). The results of the logistic regression analysis showed that navicular drop height, male gender, foot posture index, body mass index, heel valgus angle, and age were influencing factors of the degree of flatfoot (P<0.05). Conclusions The flexible flatfoot in preschool children is influenced by factors such as navicular drop height, gender, foot posture index, body mass index, heel valgus angle, and age, and it will be somewhat alleviated as they grow. Wearing orthopedic insoles can correct related biomechanical abnormalities of heel valgus and knee valgus to some extent, but it cannot significantly reduce the degree of flatfoot.