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电解可脱弹簧圈联合微弹簧圈治疗宽基底肾动脉瘤一例

Minimally Invasive Transthoracic Closure of Ventricular Septal Defect through Left Parasternal Approach: A Report of 15 Cases

目的总结左胸骨旁小切口微创封堵分流方向偏向流出道的室间隔缺损（VSD）的初步经验。 方法2014年2～8月广州医科大学附属第一医院对15例分流方向偏向流出道的VSD患者施行左胸骨旁小切口微创封堵手术，其中男7例，女8例；年龄10个月～19岁（4.5±4.6）岁；体重5.5～54.0（14.6±14.1）kg；其中干下型6例，嵴内型6例，膜周部型3例；缺损直径2.5～6.5（4.0±1.2）mm，距主动脉瓣环距离≤1 mm 9例，≤2 mm4例，>2 mm 2例；合并主动脉瓣右冠瓣轻度脱垂5例；采用左胸骨旁第2或第3肋间1.5～2.5 cm切口，在经食管超声心动图（TEE）监视下在右心室流出道表面选择适当的穿刺点，建立VSD输送轨道并置入封堵器，观察有无残余分流、主动脉瓣反流；术后3个月复查经胸超声心动图。 结果15例均成功封堵，无中转开胸，无残余分流和心律失常，新发主动脉瓣轻微反流2例，围手术期输血1例；手术时间30～120（58±28）min，术中出血量5～200（26±50）ml；术后住院时间3～13（4.3±2.6）d，无二次开胸止血、Ⅲ°房室传导阻滞、主动脉瓣反流加重、溶血、切口感染等并发症；术后3个月返院复查经胸超声心动图13例，无新发主动脉瓣反流和封堵器脱落；2例术中新发主动脉瓣反流加重，其中1例出现残余分流。 结论左胸骨旁小切口封堵分流方向偏向流出道VSD 手术安全、切口小、操作简单，近期效果尚满意；对合并主动脉瓣轻度脱垂VSD 需慎重施行外科微创封堵手术。

Surgical Treatment of Muscular Ventricular Septal Defect in Infants with Multiple Ventricular Septal Defects

　　Objective To investigate surgical strategy for the treatment of muscular ventricular septal defect （MVSD） in infants with multiple ventricular septal defects（VSD）. Methods Clinical data of 46 infants with multiple VSD who underwent surgical repair in Shanghai Children’s Medical Center from January 2010 to April 2012 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 24 males and 22 females with their age of 8±6 months and body weight of 6.1±1.9 kg. All the patients received one-stage surgical repair，among whom MVSD of 10 patients was not found and repaired during the surgery. MVSD was repaired by surgical suture in 19 patients，hybrid repair under direct vision in 12 patients，and　hybrid repair via the right ventricle in 5 patients. All the patients were regularly followed up after discharge by chest X-ray，ECG and color Doppler echocardiography to observe the closure of MVSD and the presence of residual shunt. Results　All the 46 patients with multiple VSD survived their surgery without perioperative death. Three patients undergoing hybrid repair under direct vision received delayed sternal closure. One patient undergoing hybrid repair under direct vision had postoperative cardiac dysfunction. All the 46 patients were followed up for 1-17 months. Twenty-three patients had residual shunt of varying degrees during follow-up，and most of the MVSD of patients with residual shunt were ＜4 mm，who were receiving further follow-up and evaluation. Conclusion Appropriate surgical strategies can be applied according to specific surgical views during the operation for the treatment of MVSD in infants with multiple VSD，and satisfactory clinical　outcomes can be achieved.

Real-time Three Dimensional Echocardiography Guided Closure of Atrial Septal Defect through a RightMinithoracotomy in Comparison with Traditional Surgical Repair under Cardiopulmonary Bypass

Objective To compare surgical results between real-time three dimensional echocardiography（RT-3DE） guided closure of atrial septal defect （ASD） through a right minithoracotomy and traditional surgical repair under cardiopulmonary bypass （CPB）. Methods Sixty-four patients with secundum ASD received surgical repair in the First People’s Hospital of Honghe Autonomous Prefecture from April 2009 to April 2012. According to different surgical approach, all the patients were divided into group A and B. In group A, 35 patients underwent traditional ASD repair under CPB including 20males and 15 females with their age of 12-56 （16.4±4.0） years. In group B, 29 patients received real-time RT-3DE guidedASD closure through a right minithoracotomy without CPB, including 20 males and 15 females with their age of 15-50 （18.5±0.2） years. Operation time，postoperative mechanical ventilation time，hospital stay，chest drainage，mortality，morbidity and follow-up outcomes were compared between the 2 groups. Results Operation time （110.47±35.90 minutesvs. 159.32±20.60 minutes），postoperative mechanical ventilation time （10.40±22.30 hours vs. 16.40±12.20 hours），chestdrainage （106.71±85.20 ml vs. 146.70±75.63 ml）and postoperative hospital stay （4.0±1.0 days vs. 7.0±1.0 days）ofgroup B were significantly shorter or less than those of group A. In group A, 1 patient died postoperatively and 7 patientshad postoperative complications. In group B, there was no in-hospital mortality and 3 patients had postoperative complications.Postoperative morbidity of group A was significantly higher than that of group B （20.0% vs. 10.3%，P＜0.05） . ConclusionFor ASD patients with definite surgical indications，RT-3DE guided ASD closure through a right minithoracotomy has more advantages over traditional surgical repair under CBP.

经胸微创室间隔缺损封堵术38例临床分析

目的 探讨食管超声心动图（ TEE）引导下应用国产封堵器经胸微创封堵室间隔缺损（VSD）的临床价值。方法 回顾性分析自2011年5月至2012年5月内蒙古医学院第一附属医院38例VSD患者的临床资料，，男20例，女18例；年龄2.6～13.0岁；体重10～35 kg。其中膜部VSD 30例，干下型VSD 6例，肌部VSD 2例。术前经胸超声心动图检查符合封堵条件者在全身麻醉下经口插入食管超声探头，手术开始前重新评估VSD是否符合封堵治疗，如符合，根据VSD最大直径选择合适的封堵伞。于手术开始后，监测整个封堵过程，引导封堵伞的位置，评价即刻封堵效果，确认是否有残余分流及并发症。 结果 38例患者均一次封堵成功，置入封堵器直径4～10 mm，TEE显示封堵器与VSD边缘吻合紧密无残余分流。术后4～7 d复查心脏彩色超声心动图提示封堵器位置正常、牢固，无残余分流，主动脉瓣无反流。随访31例，随访时间10～24个月，未出现新的瓣膜和主动脉瓣反流，无溶血和血栓形成，无封堵器位置移动现象，未发现左、右心室流出道狭窄，手术切口隐蔽，基本不影响美观。 结论经胸微创VSD封堵术安全、有效，无需体外循环、创伤小，无需X线辅助，住院时间短，使该手术成为更简便、可行、成功率更高的封堵方法，值得临床广泛推广应用。

动脉导管未闭合并重度肺动脉高压患者的介入与外科治疗

目的 探讨动脉导管未闭(PDA)合并重度肺动脉高压(PH)患者外科手术治疗与介入封堵治疗的适应证和治疗效果。 方法 回顾分析1998年5月至2008年5月我科收治的30例PDA患者的临床资料，其中男14例，女16例；年龄14～41岁，平均年龄25.8岁。18例行外科手术治疗，12例行介入封堵治疗。 结果 经外科手术和介入封堵治疗患者术后即刻的肺动脉收缩压(608±120 mm Hg vs. 100.2±14.2 mm Hg; 60.3±11.6 mm Hg vs. 108.4±17.6 mm Hg)和平均肺动脉压(401±98 mm Hg vs. 76.1±11.3 mm Hg; 40.2±10.5 mm Hg vs. 79.5±13.6 mm Hg)均较术前明显降低（Plt;0.05）。术后4例手术患者中有2例出现声音嘶哑，2例残余分流；介入封堵治疗患者术后未出现明显并发症。随访29例，随访时间3个月~2年；1例失访。随访期间患者无明显胸闷、气促等，超声心动图检查大动脉水平未探及残余分流，1例术前伴有心房颤动的患者在封堵术后2个月时猝死，死亡原因不明。28例患者术后90 d复查超声心动图提示：肺动脉收缩压均较术前明显降低（Plt;0.05），两种治疗方法的疗效差异无统计学意义（Pgt;0.05）。 结论 介入封堵治疗PDA合并重度PH的患者与外科手术治疗相比较具有创伤小、风险小、并发症少和恢复快等优点，尤其是介入封堵治疗可行试验性封堵，对鉴别动力性和阻力性PH具有不可替代的优越性。但一些特殊类型的PDA患者仍需外科手术治疗。

Comparative Study between Videoassisted Thoracoscopic Surgery and Percutaneous Catheter Occlusion in Interruption of Patent Ductus Arteriosus

Abstract： Objective To investigate videoassisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) and percutaneous catheter occlusion (PCO) in interruption of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), in order to achieve minimally invasive surgical injuries and better clinical results. Methods From November 1995 to September 2009, 312 cases of PDA were treated in Fujian provincial hospital, among whom 252 patients were interrupted with VATS(VATS group) and 60 patients with PCO technique(PCO group). For the VATS group, there were 78 males and 174 females aged from 7 d to 31 years old (9.16±8.91 years), while there were 17 males and 43 females aged from 4 to 57 years old (25.55±14.10 years) in the PCO group. We used titanium clip to interrupt PDA under videoassisted thoracoscope for patients in the VATS group, and adopted Amplatzer method for patients in the PCO group. The clinical results, complications and hospital cost in the two groups were compared in this study. Results In the VATS group, all the PDA were successfully interrupted with no residual shunt. In the PCO group, 5% (3/60) of the patients had minor residual shunt after the procedure. No mortality occurred in both groups. Time of the procedure and hospital stay in the PCO group were shorter than that in the VATS group (70.20±31.20 min vs. 112.50±16.30 min, t=6.344,P=0.002; and 4.70±2.20 d vs. 6.50±2.80 d, t=3.241, P=0.022, respectively). However, the hospital cost for each patient in the PCO group was much higher than that in the VATS group (23 222.00±4 333.40 yuan RMB vs. 8 904.50±2 634.60 yuan RMB,t=25.360, P=0.000). Conclusion Compared with PCO, VATS in interrupting PDA can achieved not only excellent clinical results, especially in the newborn and baby cases, but also very satisfying cost which is just a little more than one third of the PCO cost.

Minimally Invasive Transthoracic Closure of Perimembranous Ventricular Septal Defect without Cardiopulmonary Bypass

Abstract: Objective To introduce a new technique: transthoracic closure of perimembranous ventricular septal defect (VSD) without cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) under transesophageal echocardiography (TEE）guidance, and summarize the clinical experiences and midterm followup results. Methods A total of 136 patients with perimembranous VSD, 3 months to 15 years averaging 1.8 years, underwent transthoracic device closure. The weight of these patients ranged from 4.0 to 26.0 kg with an average weight of 12.7 kg. The diameter of their VSD ranged from 3 to 12 mm averaging 5.1 mm. A small transthoracic incision (34 cm incision by inferior sternotomy or 23 cm transverse incision in the third intercostal space) was made and the best location for right ventricular puncture was chosen and the delivery pathway was established under TEE guidance. Proper devices were delivered and then deployed to close the defect. Patients were followed up closely with a standard protocol, arranged for echocardiography, electrocardiogram and chest Xray film. Results In all the cases, 131 cases of VSD (96.3%) were successfully closed. The procedure time was less than 90 minutes and the implanting time was 5.42 minutes (16.3±5.7 min). Symmetrical devices were implanted into 89(67.9%) of the 131 patients and the other 42 patients (32.1%) were closed with asymmetrical ones. The result of TEE soon after operation showed that 3 patients had tiny residual shunt, 4 had new trivial and mild tricuspid regurgitation (TR). However, no TR worsening, aortic regurgitation (AR), complete atrioventricular heart block, or left or right outflow tract obstruction was detected in all patients. One patient 〖CM(159mm〗with transient atrioventricular block restored to sinus rhythm after 3 days of medical treatment. Five cases (3.7%) were converted to conventional open heart repair during the operation. Followup was done to all the patients for a period ranged from 6 months to 30 months (18.3±6.6 months). Tiny residual shunt in the 3 cases mentioned above vanished during the followup period. No new TR, AR, hemolysis, thrombosis, dislocation of the devices, or outflow stenosis was detected postoperatively. The tiny incision caused less psychologic depression. Conclusion Minimally invasive transthoracic device closure of VSD without CPB is a simple, effective and safe intervention under guidance of TEE for most of perimembranous VSD patients. The short and midterm clinical outcomes are promising. Longterm followup is indispensable.

先天性心脏病介入治疗48例

目的 总结对先天性心脏病患者行介入治疗的临床经验，以提高介入治疗的成功率。 方法 48例先天性心脏病患者采用Cardiacure-TM封堵器行介入治疗，其中房间隔缺损（ASD）21例，动脉导管未闭（PDA）12例，室间隔缺损（VSD）12例，ASD合并PDA 1例，VSD合并PDA 2例。 结果 全组患者无死亡，一次性封堵成功44例，介入封堵治疗成功率为91.7％（44/48）;15例次 PDA患者介入封堵治疗成功率为100％（15/15）; 22例次ASD患者成功率为90.9%（20/22）, 14例次VSD患者成功率为85.7％（12/14）。 封堵伞于术中脱落3例，其中ASD伞脱落2例，VSD伞脱落1例；介入治疗未成功1例。4例封堵未成功的患者中3例择期行体外循环修补手术治愈，1例行急诊体外循环修补手术治愈。随访40例，随访时间1~19个月，复查心脏杂音消失，心脏彩色超声心动图提示无残余分流。 结论 介入治疗是治疗先天性心脏病的有效方法，心胸外科医师掌握该项技术有其较多的优势。

食管超声心动图监测下经胸微创房间隔缺损封堵术

目的评价经食管超声心动图（TEE）监测经胸微创房间隔缺损（ASD）封堵术的临床价值。方法本组16例ASD患者术前均经胸超声心动图检查粗筛，符合封堵条件后在全身麻醉下插入经食管超声探头，于手术开始前，根据ASD最大直径选择合适的封堵器。在手术开始后，监测整个封堵过程，引导封堵伞的放置，评价即刻封堵效果，确认是否有残余分流或并发症。结果16例患者中15例封堵成功，TEE显示封堵器与ASD边缘吻合紧密，无残余分流；1例直径31mm的ASD患者，封堵器放置后发现其后下缘存在残余分流，随即改行体外循环ASD修补术。随访3个月，效果满意。结论TEE对选择适合行封堵术的的ASD患者、选择封堵器大小、指导封堵器的释放、以及疗效评价均具有重要的作用。