Abstract： Surgical repair of functional tricuspid regurgitation (FTR) is often carried out concomitantly with other leftsided heart valve procedures. Though diseases of both left heart valve and tricuspid were treated during the surgery, postoperative residual or recurrent tricuspid regurgitation has been clearly associated with progressive heart failure and worsened longterm survival. To date, surgical interventions mainly address FTR at three anatomic levels: commissure, annulus and leaflets. However, a certain mid and longterm failure rate after operation still exists. High surgical mortality rates have been reported in patients with recurrent tricuspid regurgitation requiring complex reoperations. With a better understanding of tricuspid anatomical complex and valvuloplasty, significant improvements have been made in FTR surgical indications and techniques. This review article will focus on the development of surgical indications in tricuspid valve repair, while the repair techniques and their impact on longterm clinical outcome will also be compared.
ObjectiveTo systematically review studies investigating the rate of falls among Chinese elderly. MethodsThe CNKI, VIP, CBM, WanFang Data, EMbase, The Cochrane Library and PubMed databases were electronically searched to identify cross-sectional studies on the rate of falls in Chinese elderly published from January 1st, 2000 to December 31st, 2021. Two reviewers independently screened the literature, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias of the included studies. Meta-analysis was then performed using Stata 16.0 software. Results A total of 54 cross-sectional studies, involving 111 098 cases were included. The results of meta-analysis showed that the rate of falls among Chinese elderly was 19.3% (95%CI 16.9% to 21.6%). Subgroup analyses showed that the fall rates were 16.1% and 21.9% for males and females, respectively. The rates for 60-69, 70-79, and >80 years age groups were 16.3%, 21.7%, and 27.3%, respectively. The rates for the North, South, East, Southwest, and Central parts of China were 16.6%, 17.9%, 18.7%, 22.0%, and 25.8%, respectively. For the urban and rural elderly, the rates were 16.4% and 23.1%, respectively. The rates for those with or without spouses were 24.2% and 26.8%, respectively, while for the solitary and non-solitary elderly were 21.1% and 17.8%, respectively. The rates for elderly with or without exercise habits were 22.1% and 27.1%, respectively. ConclusionThe rate of falls is high among Chinese elderly, especially among females, older individuals, those in Southwest China, rural individuals, those without spouse, solitary individuals and those without exercise habits.
Objective Dermal papillae cells are widely applied to reconstruction of tissue engineered hair foll icle and skin. To investigate the difference of the biological characteristics of dermal papillae cells cultured with keratinocyte medium (KM)and normal medium (NM), and to determin whether it is feasible for the reconstruction of tissue engineered hair foll icle using dermal papillae cells cultured in KM. Methods Scalp samples were obtained in rhytidectomy procedure. Dermal papillaes were isolated by two steps digestive treatment, then cultured with KM and NM in two groups. The time of dermal papillae adherence and cell outgrowth was recorded and the rate of dermal papillae adherence was determined after 5 days. As well as, the difference of cell morphology was observed through inverted phase contrast microscope. The maximum generations were determined in two groups and the cell sheets were observed by HE staining. In third-generation cells, the number of aggregates in every dish and the prol iferation by MTT were compared between two groups. Meanwhile, the expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and ALP were detected by immunofluorescence and specific staining in two groups. Results Dermal papillaes of KM group had a higher rate of adherence and fast outgrowth. The rates of adherence were 54.17% and 36.78% in KM group and in NM group, respectively. In KM group, cells adhered after 24 hours and outgrew after 64 hours. While, cells adhered after 48 hours and outgrew after 80 hours in NM group. The cells were bigger in NM group than in KM group. In third-generation cells, 3.06 ± 1.12 and 9.25 ± 1.73 aggregates formed in NM group and KM group, respectively, the difference was significant (P lt; 0.05). In addition, cells could form cell sheets which were muti-layers in KM group. Mostly 7 and 15 generations could been subcultured in NMgroup and KM group, respectively. The result of MTT indicated that cells prol iferated more actively in KM group; absorbance value of KM group was significantly higher than that of NM group after 7 days (P lt; 0.05). The positive of α-SMA were detected in the third-generation cells of both groups. Ocassionally a l ittle few cells expressed ALP with (987 ± 146) m2 positive area in the sixth-generation cells of NM group. However, the cells still expressed ALP with (8 757 ± 558) μm2 positive area in the fourteenthgeneration cells of KM group and the difference was significant (P lt; 0.05). Conclusion Cells proliferate actively and aggregate obviously and could been subcultured more generations in KM. Therefore, culturing dermal papillae cells with KM is feasible for the reconstruction of tissue engineered hair foll icle.