Aminoadipic acid(AAA) is known to damage retinal glia cells primarily when it is given to animals intravitreally. The present study is to demonstrate marked increase of retinal susceptibility to photic damage following administration of sub-thres-hold doses of this agent to albino rats. Right eyes were intravitreally injected with 10 ?l of 10 mM AAA, a dose which caused transient swelling of Muller cell nucleiimmediately after treatment, and total recovery by 24 hours. These rats were exposed to fluorescent light at 150 f.c. for one hour three days after injection. The left eyes were injected with the same amount of physiologic saline solution and exposed to light with an identical time schedule. The animals were killed at the 24th hour,third and seventh day, following light exposure. Cytologic changes in the retinae of both eyes were compared light microscopically. The light exposed left eyes showed mild disorganization of photoreceptor outer segements. Usually this change disappeared by the seventh day. AAA-injected right eyes showed marked destruction in the photoreceptor cell layer. The change in the photoreceptor cells was progressive and disappearance of outer segments and degeneration of numerous nuclei occurred during the following period. （Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis,1992,8:17-19）
【摘要】 目的 分析老年甲状腺功能亢进性心脏病(HHD)的临床特点及不同心功能级别临床特点的差异。方法 收集2000年4月—2009年4月住院老年HHD(80例)与无HHD的老年甲亢患者(180例)临床资料,分析HHD不同心功能级别的临床情况差异。结果 HHD老年组病程(70.52±10.04)个月,合并骨质疏松13例,肝功能损伤11例；无HHD老年甲亢组病程(32.59±7.83)个月,合并骨质疏松7例,肝功能损伤8例,两组比较有统计学意义(Plt;0.05)。老年HHD组伴发心房颤动51例。心功能Ⅳ级甲状腺不大者6例,心功能Ⅰ级甲状腺不大者1例；心功能Ⅲ级甲状腺Ⅲ度肿大者3例,心功能Ⅰ级甲状腺Ⅲ度肿大者0例；心功能Ⅱ级平均住院时间(14.43±6.99)天,心功能Ⅰ级平均住院时间(9.56±3.00)天,比较有统计学意义(Plt;0.05)。结论 毒性弥漫性甲状腺肿是住院老年HHD最常见病因。老年HHD好发于病程长的患者,心律失常主要表现为心房颤动,病程越长心功能越差,心力衰竭程度与甲功及甲状腺肿大的程度不成比例。〖HT5”H〗【关键词】 〖HT5”SS〗老年；甲状腺功能亢进性心脏病；临床特点
Obtaining the best evidence is an important part of practicing evidence-based medicine. Evidence grading is an indispensable tool and process in helping decision makers obtain the best evidence. However, the current research evidence is numerous, the quality of evidence is uneven, the evidence classification system is diverse and the standards are different. By reviewing the development history and process of evidence grading and recommendation system, this paper analyzed representative grading recommendation systems with representative and international influence, and expounded the status quo, characteristics and development trend of evidence grading development, so as to provide a reference for the grading recommendation system exploration in contemporary medical field.
Objectives To analyze evidence-based medicine (EBM) related projects funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) from 2000 to 2019. Methods The online NSFC database, Internet-based Science Information System, Biomart.cn, and MedSci.com were searched to obtain all EBM grants funded by NSFC. The achievements, Chinese papers and SCI-indexed papers, were obtained by searching the database of CNKI, VIP, SinoMed, WanFang Data and Web of Science. All data screened and extracted manually, and then managed and analyzed with Microsoft Excel 2016 software. Results The NSFC has funded 94 projects regarding EBM, with a total amount of 44.763 million Yuan (RMB) since 2000. Beijing, Shanghai, Guangdong and Sichuan ranked highly in the number of projects and their undertaking institutions and total amount of fundings. General programs and youth scientist programs constituted the main parts of fundings. The funded projects mainly originated from three subjects of new technologies and methods of TCM, health management and policy, clinical basis of integrated Chinese and western medicine. General programs contributed the most articles, while the distinguished young scientist programs had the highest average outputs. Three papers from Chinese EBM Center were published on BMJ and were highly cited. Conclusions Support of NSFC on EBM has increased continuously for the last twenty years, but it is still below the average. The fundings are unbalanced in areas and institutions. The supported research fields change every year, and show a trend of subjects aggregation.
Systematic review is an important method to obtain clinical decision evidence. The traditional systematic review is primarily conducted manually, which cannot meet the needs of rapid decision-making due to its high time and labor force cost as well as low efficiency. However, the development of information technology has laid the foundation for computer-aided systematic review methods. Attempts have been made to replace or enhance manual operations by introducing computer technology in all aspects of systematic review, thereby improving efficiency. This paper integrates the methodological research and its application of computer-aided systematic review both domestically and abroad from perspectives of literature acquisition, data processing and evidence evaluation. The aim of this paper is to understand the status quo and future trend in this field, and to provide reference for further researches related to automated systematic review technology.
Objective To measure the macular pigment optical density (MPOD) and investigate the effects of lutein supplementation on MPOD in patients with early age-related macular degeneration (AMD).Methods Forty-two early AMD eyes, which have been diagnosed by visual acuity, fundus photography and indirect ophthalmoscopy, and 42 fellow eyes were enrolled in this study. Lutein was administered in dose of 15.1 mg daily for one month. The MPOD value before and after lutein supplementation were measured by heterochromatic flicker photometry. The relationship between the MPOD value and lutein supplementation was analyzed.Results The MPOD value of AMD eyes and fellow eyes before lutein supplementation was 0.347plusmn;0.182 and 0.426plusmn;0.173 respectively, the difference was statistically significant (t=-2.042,P=0.044). The MPOD value of AMD eyes and fellow eyes after lutein supplementation was 0.406plusmn;0.155 and 0.446plusmn;0.128 respectively, the difference was not statistically significant (t=-1.283,P=0.203). For AMD eyes, there was an increasing trend of MPOD values after lutein supplementation, but no statistically significant differences (t=-1.594,P=0.115). Furthermore, there was a negative correlation between the changes of MPOD and initial MPOD in both AMD eyes (r=-0.552,P=0.000) and the fellow eyes (r=-0.731,P=0.000).Conclusions Early AMD eyes have less MPOD. Lutein supplementation may play a role in enhancing the MPOD in these eyes.
Objective To investigate the expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) by high glucose treatment in human lung epithelial A549 cells. Methods The effect of high glucose on the expression of HO-1 in A549 cells was investigated with Western blot and reverse transcription PCR. HO-1 enzymic activity and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production were investigated with enzyme-linked immunosorbent test. Results Treatment with 25 mmol/L high glucose for 0, 24 h, 48 h, 72 h and in concentrations of 5 mmol/L, 10 mmol/L, 25 mmol/L, 40 mmol/L for 48 h induced increased expression on protein and mRNA level of HO-1 in a concentration- and time-dependent manner in A549 cells. High glucose treatment increased production of ROS and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) in A549 cells, which thus mediated HO-1 expression. Following the increase in HO-1 expression, the enzymatic activity of HO-1 also increased in high glucose-treated cells. Pretreatment with N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) and PI3K/Akt inhibitors attenuated the high glucose-induced increased HO-1 expression. Conclusions High glucose increases ROS and TGF-β1 production in A549 cells, which mediates HO-1 expression and increases HO-1 enzymic activity.