ObjectiveTo explore effect and mechanism of the carcinoma associated fibroblasts (CAFs) of breast cancer on growth and metastasis of breast cancer induced in nude mice by inoculation of CAFs and breast cancer cells. MethodsBreast cancer cell line of MDA-MB-231 (abbreviated as MDA), CAFs, and normal breast tissue fibroblasts (NFs) of the same breast cancer patient were collected, and mixed with normal saline (NS) or SDF-1 ligand blockers of four nitrogen heterocyclic fourteen alka (AMD3100, abbreviated as AMD) for inoculation of nude mice in vivo. According to the different combination, 36 nude mice were randomly divided into 6 groups:MDA+NS group, NFs+NS group, MDA+NFs+NS group, MDA+NFs+AMD group, MDA+CAFs+AMD group, and MDA+CAFs+NS group. Forty six days after the inoculation and feeding, volume of tumor, metastasis of lymph node, lung or liver were observed. In addition, level of plasma SDF-1 was tested by using ELISA method, and expressions of SDF-1 mRNA and protein in tumor specimens were detected by using real-time PCR and Western blot method respectively. ResultsExcept for NFs+ NS group, implanted tumor could be seen in nude mice of other 5 groups. In MDA+CAFs+NS group, the volume of tumor[(9.092±2.662) cm3], level of plasma SDF-1[(75.25±16.23) ng/L], and expression levels of SDF-1 mRNA (the median level was 14.714) and protein (the median level was 0.673). of tumor tissue were significantly greater or higher than those of the other 5 groups (P < 0.050). In addition, lymph node metastasis were found in 4 mice in MDA+CAFs+NS group, and 2 in MDA+NS group. The tumor metastasis of lung and liver was not found in all nude mice. ConclusionsCAFs can promote growth and lymph node metastasis of breast cancer, whose mechanism is related with SDF-1 secreted by CAFs and SDF-1/CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4), signal pathway.
ObjectiveTo retrospectively investigate the correlation between tumor immune nutritional indexes and the resectability in patients with pancreatic cancer.MethodsWe selected pancreatic patients with pathological diagnosis who admitted to Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University from January 2015 to December 2018. The clinical data of patients were retrospectively analyzed. Nutritional and inflammatory hematological parameters at one week before operation were carefully collected, the parameters including: the neutrophil count, lymphocyte count, monocyte count, hemoglobin (Hb), platelet count, albumin (Alb), prealbumin (PA), cholesterol, and serum tumor markers (CEA and CA19-9). The ratio of neutrophil count to lymphocyte count (NLR), ratio of platelet count to lymphocyte count (PLR), ratio of lymphocyte count to monocyte count (LMR), prognostic nutrition index (PNI), nutritional risk score (GNIR), and controlled nutritional status score (COUNT) were calculated. The receiver working characteristic curve (ROC curve) was used to evaluate the predictive value of various indexes in radical resection of pancreatic cancer.ResultsOf the 55 patients with pancreatic cancer, 22 received radical surgery and 33 did not. There was no significant difference in gender, BMI, neutrophil count, monocyte count, platelet count, hemoglobin, albumin, prealbumin, cholesterol, and tumor location between the radical operation group and the non-radical operation group (P>0.05), but there were significant differences in age, lymphocyte count, CEA, and CA19-9 between the two groups (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the area under the curve (AUC) of neutrophil count, lymphocyte count, monocyte count, hemoglobin, platelet count, albumin, prealbumin, cholesterol, NLR, PLR, LMR, PNI, and GNIR to predict the resectability of pancreatic cancer (P>0.05), but there was statistical significance in COUNT score, CEA, and CA19-9 (P<0.05). The AUC values of COUNT, CEA, and CA19-9 were 0.700, 0.705, and 0.739 respectively, the sensitivity corresponding to the best critical point cutoff value were 59.09%, 80.00%, and 100%, as well as the specificity were 87.88%, 66.67%, and 42.42%, respectively. The specificity of COUNT was high, but the sensitivity was poor. The sensitivity of CEA and CA19-9 were high and the specificity were poor.ConclusionsThe COUNT is a simple and useful predictor to predict the resectability of pancreatic cancer. The combination of COUNT and serum tumor markers of CEA and CA19-9 can help to better predict the surgical indications of pancreatic cancer.