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Interventions to screen for human immune-deficiency virus among people donating blood[Protocol]

Background　AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome) has become the most devastating disease which humankind has ever encountered. Human immune-deficiency virus (HIV) is transmitted through blood, sexual behavior and mother-to-baby, with more efficient transmission through blood transfusion. HIV risk among blood transfusion was severe due to lack of effective and correctly applied screening method and rigorous management, especially in some developing countries. Since the first HIV screening reagent was approved by FDA to screen the blood in 1985, the fourth generation test has been produced till now. Initially, HIV test was primarily used to screen the blood supply, it also became an important aspect of HIV prevention, especially screening among people donating blood. Today, HIV testing is seen as an integral part of both the nation’s prevention and treatment efforts. Objective　To assess the effectiveness of any intervention tests for HIV screening among people donating blood, and find appropriate tests for HIV screening to decrease the risk of HIV transmission by blood transfusion. Search strategy　MEDLINE, Cochrane Controlled Trials Register (CENTRAL/CCTR), AIDSLINE, EMBASE, CBM were be searched with the terms: "HIV", "AIDS", "screening", "test", "blood donor", "blood bank" and the detailed screening method. The websites of WHO, UNAIDS, CDC, FDA, and their related links were searched. Letters were mailed to various agencies and experts in this field to acquire unpublished reports. Inclusion criteria　RCT and CCT for screening HIV among blood. donors will be included. Observational studies such as cohort studies, cased-control studies, and historical controlled studies will be used for sensitivity analysis. Method of the review　According to the principles of Cochrane Review, selection of trials for inclusion, quality assessment of studies, data extraction and syntheses were conducted by reviewers.

脾部分切除与自体脾移植术后临床免疫学和残脾形态观察(附140例报告)

留置导尿管相关性尿路感染目标监测结果与分析

目的　了解留置导尿管相关性尿路感染发生率，为制定预防控制措施提供参考依据。 方法　2012年3月－8月在神经内科、神经外科、老年内科、泌尿外科对留置导尿管的患者进行医院感染目标性监测。 结果　导尿管相关尿路感染发病率为6.46%，感染率最高的科室为老年内科13.95%，其次为神经外科12.96%和泌尿外科3.59%。神经内科导尿管0.00%。 结论　针对监测结果，采取适当的干预措施，可有效降低留置导尿管相关性感染的发生率。

Analysis on the Relationship between Reflux Esophagitis and Helicobacter Pylori Infection

目的　探讨和分析反流性食管炎与幽门螺杆菌感染之间的关系。 方法　回顾性分析2009年1月－2011年11月间胃镜确诊为反流性食管炎334例，所有患者均行快速尿素酶试验；其中反流性食管炎合并消化性渍疡57例，慢性非萎缩性胃炎102例。 结果　反流性食管炎的幽门螺杆菌感染率为21.6% ，在幽门螺杆菌感染阳性的患者中最多见并发消化性溃疡，而在幽门螺杆菌感染阴性的患者中最多见并发慢性非萎缩性胃炎，解剖结构和动力障碍性疾病绝大多数并发于幽门螺杆菌阴性患者。A和B级反流性食管炎的幽门螺杆菌感染阴性的患者多于幽门螺杆菌感染阳性的患者。在A级反流性食管炎中幽门螺杆菌感染率28.0%，B级为8.4%，C+D级为0.0%。 结论　反流性食管炎中幽门螺杆菌感染率低，幽门螺杆菌阳性的反流性食管炎多并发于消化性溃疡，提示幽门螺旋杆菌对反流性食管炎发病有一定保护作用。

Analysis and Countermeasures of Low Surgical Site Infection Rate

目的　分析外科手术部位感染率过低的原因，掌握手术部位感染诊断标准，减少医院感染漏报，及时发现医院感染流行趋势，采取控制措施，防止医院感染暴发。 方法　选择开展较多、手术部位一旦发生感染对患者安全威胁性较大的手术：包括胆囊切除或（和）胆管手术，结肠、直肠切除术，阑尾切除术，疝手术，乳房切除术，剖宫产，子宫切除术及附件切除术，全髋关节置换术，食道贲门手术，腰椎间盘摘除术，监测时间为2011年1月1日－6月30日及2012年1月1日－6月30日，共监测1 180例手术，对手术部位感染率进行对比分析。 结果　2011年半年监测手术部位感染率1.99%，调整感染率4.74%；比国内报道低6～9倍；通过分析原因，对医院感染诊断标准再培训、加强病原微生物送检等，2012年半年监测手术部位感染率4.68%，调整感染率32.12%；与2011年比较差异有统计学意义（χ2=141.841，P=0.000）。 结论　手术部位感染率偏低的原因是医生漏报所致；采取整改措施后，提高了手术部位感染的识别能力，减少了漏报，对及时发现医院感染暴发具有重要意义。

四川省干部人群幽门螺杆菌感染现状及健康指导需求调查

目的 了解四川省干部人群幽门螺杆菌（Helicobacler pylori，Hp）感染现状、对 Hp 感染的认知程度及健康指导需求，为 Hp 感染的防治提供参考。 方法 对 2009 年 1 月—2014 年 12 月在四川大学华西医院健康管理中心进行体检的四川省干部人群进行碳 14尿素呼气试验检测，并对检测结果进行分析。随机抽取部分人群进行对Hp感染认知程度及健康指导需求的问卷调查。 结果 共纳入受检者 285 例，受检人群的 Hp 总感染率为 43.5%。收集合格问卷 128 份，对什么是 Hp、Hp 感染的危害、Hp 的传播途径、Hp 感染的预防措施、体检筛查 Hp 的意义 5 个问题的了解率分别为 21.1%、18.8%、16.4%、15.6%、12.5%；有上述 5 个方面健康指导需求的人数占比分别为 84.4%、85.2%、78.9%、86.7%、76.6%。 结论 四川省干部人群 Hp 感染率低于全国平均水平，但对 Hp 感染的认知程度低，迫切需要规范的健康指导。

Analysis of Helicobacter pylori infection and its risk factors among health examination participants in a general hospital

ObjectiveTo investigate and analyze the prevalence and influencing factors of Helicobacter pylori (Hp), to provide scientific basis for the development of Hp infection prevention and control program.MethodsThe Hp infection of healthy population who received 13C-urea breath test in Sichuan Science City Hospital from January to December 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. Medical examination reports were collected and sorted out. We compared the gender and age differences of Hp infection, and binary logistic regression analysis was performed to analyze the risk factors of Hp infection.ResultsA total of 8 093 healthy participants were included, including 5 530 males (68.33%) and 2 563 females (31.67%). The infection rate of Hp was 37.80% (3 059/8 093) in all subjects. The infection rate of males [39.48% (2 183/5 530)] was significantly higher than that of females [34.18% (876/2 563)] (χ2=20.899, P<0.001). The infection rate of 50-59 years old group was the highest (43.87%), and that of <30 years old group was the lowest (30.93%). The difference of Hp infection rate among different age groups was statistically significant (χ2=64.577, P<0.001). Logistic regression analysis showed that male [odds ratio (OR) =1.257, P<0.001], 40-49 years old (OR=1.446, P<0.001), 50-59 years old (OR=1.756, P<0.001), 60-69 years old (OR=1.512, P<0.001), high total cholesterol level (OR=1.221, P=0.003) and obesity (OR=1.403, P<0.001) were risk factors for Hp infection.ConclusionsThe prevalence of Hp infection in the general hospital is lower than the national average level, and male, 40-69 years old, high total cholesterol level and obesity are predictors of Hp infection. Effective measures should be taken to prevent and control the infection of Hp.