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Lack of Good Research into Hand Hygiene

A Survey of Knowledge of Hand Hygiene among Nurses

Objective　To survey the knowledge of hand hygiene among nurses and to identify factors influencing the performance of hand hygiene.Methods　A questionnaire of hand hygiene developed according to the Guideline for Hand Hygiene in Health Care Settings was used to investigate nurses’ knowledge about hand hygiene.Results　The average score for nurses’ knowledge about hand hygiene was 18.59±2.19 out of a possible maximum score of 21. Knowledge about hand hygiene among nurses varied significantly in different departments (P=0.004). The main self-reported factors influencing the performance of hand hygiene were irritation and dryness caused by hand-washing agents (73.44%) and busy workload (65.53%).Conclusions　Nurses generally have good knowledge about hand hygiene but are less aware of some hand hygiene indications. Effective measures are needed to improve compliance with hand hygiene among nurses.

Effect of Hand Hygiene Health Education on Hand Hygiene Compliance in Family Members of Intensive Care Unit Patients

目的　评价手卫生健康教育对重症监护病房（ICU）患者家属手卫生依从性的影响。 方法　选取2012年3月－5月ICU患者家属558人，对其进行手卫生健康教育。将健康教育前的1个月定义为第1阶段(基线调查阶段），健康教育当月定义为第2阶段，健康教育结束后的第1个月定义为第3阶段。对ICU患者家属开展手卫生健康教育，第1和第3阶段均采用张贴展板和宣教图片，床旁准备速干手消毒液；第2阶段在此基础上，每周示范六步洗手法3次，由责任护士督促并指导家属使用速干手消毒液进行手卫生。观察3个阶段患者家属手卫生依从性变化情况。 结果　在对“接触患者前”、“接触患者后”和“接触患者周围环境后”3个手卫生时机的依从率比较中，第2阶段明显高于第1阶段（P＜0.01）；第3阶段较第2阶段有明显下降（P＜0.01）；在3个阶段中，使用速干手消毒液进行手卫生的人数均高于使用洗手液的人数。 结论　手卫生健康教育普及了手卫生相关知识，提高了ICU患者家属对手卫生的依从性。

干预措施对医务人员手卫生依从性的影响研究

【摘要】 目的 探讨能有效提高全科病房医务人员手卫生依从性的干预措施。 方法 2009年5月-6月，采用现场隐蔽观察法记录全科病房医务人员手卫生情况，分析其影响因素。并采取针对性干预措施，比较干预措施前后手卫生依从性变化，研究干预措施的效果。 结果 干预前医务人员手卫生总执行率为44.73%，干预后医务人员手卫生总执行率为78.25%，干预措施后洗手卫生总执行率显著高于未干预前的手卫生总执行率。 结论 采取积极的全方位的干预措施，可显著提高全科病房医务人员的手卫生依从性。

Practice of Quality Control Circle in Improving Hand Hygiene Compliance in Medical Staff

ObjectiveTo improve the hand hygiene compliance in medical staff via quality control circle (QCC) activities. MethodsFrom January to May 2014, QCC activities were actualized throgh selecting the theme, ensuring the plans, confirming the target, investigating the actuality, validating the true reasons, finding out the countermeasure, ensuring the effect. ResultsHand hygiene compliance, accuracy rate handwashing, and awareness rate before the QCC activities was 53.02%, 65.51% , and 45.56%, respectively; while after the activities was 79.91%, 87.39%, 95.44%, respectively; the differences were significant (P<0.001). ConclusionQCC activities may improve hand hygiene compliance in the medical staff; at the same time, it can fully mobilize the enthusiasm of the medical staff , cultivate the spirit of teamwork , and promote quality improvement .

医务人员手卫生三种干手方法的比较探讨

目的探讨手卫生理想的干手方法。 方法2013年1月－12月，通过整群抽样方法，抽取一所三级医院临床医务人员482人，随机分为干手纸巾组（A组，n=203）、热风干手器组（B组，n=142）、毛巾组（C组，n=137），分别使用一次性干手纸巾、热风干手器、毛巾干手后进行细菌菌落总数检测。以不超过原卫生部消毒技术规范中规定的医务人员手细菌总数为合格。 结果A组203人中合格193人，合格率95.07%；B组142人中合格110人，合格率77.46%；C组137人中合格98人，合格率71.53%；3组间比较，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01），A组与B、C组间比较，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）；B组与C组间比较，差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。 结论与热风干手器和毛巾干手方法相比，干手纸巾的干手效果较为理想，推荐医务人员进行手卫生时使用一次性擦手纸巾干手。

Contrast of Compliance and Accuracy of Hand Hygiene between Department and Hospital Medical Staff

ObjectiveTo compare the investigation results of compliance and accuracy of hand hygiene in medical staff achieved by Hospital Infection Management Department and Department Infection Management Teams, and analyze the reasons for differences of the results and take measures to improve the investigation ability of hand hygiene in hospitals. MethodsWe statistically analyzed the results of compliance and accuracy of hand hygiene from January to December 2013 investigated by the infection management department and 25 infection management teams. Both the hospital and departments used "WHO Standard Observation Form". Single-blind method was used to observe the implementation of hand hygiene in medical staff. ResultsThe hospital infection management department investigation showed that hand hygiene compliance and accuracy were 64.97% and 87.78%, respectively, while the investigation by infection management teams showed that hand hygiene compliance and accuracy were 90.54% and 93.37%, respectively. The differences between the investigation results of two-level organizations were statistically significant (χ2=286.2, P<0.001; χ2=532.6, P<0.001). ConclusionWe should take measures to enforce the training of hand hygiene implementation and the observation method, and improve the guidance and assessment, promote investigators' working responsibility and observation ability, so that the survey data can accurately reflect the actual situation to urge medical staff to form good hand hygiene habits.

Application of Quality Control Circle in the Management of Hand Hygiene for Nurses in Hemodialysis Center

ObjectiveTo investigate the application and effect of quality control circle (QCC) in the management of hand hygiene for nurses in hemodialysis center. MethodsQCC was applied in the management of hand hygiene in hemodialysis center from March 2013 to February 2014. Factors affecting the compliance and correctness of hand hygiene in hemodialysis nurses were analyzed, and counter measurements were established and applied. Moreover, effect of QCC management was also assessed. ResultsAfter the application of QCC, the compliance and correctness of hand hygiene in hemodialysis nurses increased significantly from 41.02% to 88.46% (P<0.05) and 46.88% to 91.30% (P<0.05), respectively. Moreover, maneuver application, team spirit, professional knowledge, communication and cooperation among nurses were also increased by QCC management. ConclusionThe application of QCC can not only increase the compliance and correctness of hand hygiene in hemodialysis nurses but also improve team cohesiveness, which is worth recommendation and promotion.

综合干预措施对提高血液病房医护人员手卫生依从性的影响

目的对血液科医护人员手卫生的依从性进行调查分析，通过综合干预措施提高医护人员的手卫生依从性。 方法由经过专门培训的医院感染管理科专职人员，在医护人员不知情的情况下，按照统一的调查表，观察医护人员手卫生的执行情况。2012年第1季度-第3季度为基线调查阶段，2012年第4季度-2013年第1季度为干预阶段，采取综合干预措施，2013年第2季度-第4季度为评估干预效果阶段。 结果干预前医护人员手卫生依从率为41.32%，干预后提高到70.41%，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）。其中医生手卫生的依从率从31.58%提高到65.00%，护士手卫生的依从率从40.76%提高到74.64%。 结论综合干预措施可提高医护人员手卫生依从性。

肿瘤医院护理人员手卫生认知及执行状况调查

目的了解肿瘤医院护理人员手卫生认知及执行状况，为控制医院感染、制订预防措施提供有效依据。 方法2011年5月-7月，采用横断面调查法，对肿瘤医院的23个科室中528名护理人员进行问卷调查，调查护理人员手卫生认知及执行情况。 结果绝大多数护理人员对手卫生指征具有正确的认识，问卷的正确回答率（正答率）较高。护理人员手卫生知识认知情况正答率不足90%的项目有8项。47.85%的护理人员日消毒或洗手次数为10～20次。“工作太忙”为手卫生执行效果不佳的主要原因。 结论肿瘤医院护理工作人员手卫生知识认知和手卫生执行率还有待加强。