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中老年继发孔型房间隔缺损的外科治疗

目的 总结中老年（年龄≥40岁）继发孔型房间隔缺损的外科治疗经验。 方法 回顾性分析昆明市延安医院2000年1月至2007年9月手术治疗89例年龄大于40岁继发孔型房间隔缺损患者的临床资料，年龄40～68岁（平均年龄47.8岁），其中上腔型房间隔缺损23例、下腔型房间隔缺损31例，中央型房间隔缺损29例，混合型6例。全组均在全身麻醉低温体外循环下施行手术，均予涤纶补片修补房间隔缺损，合并三尖瓣关闭不全者同期行三尖瓣成形术。 结果 全组无死亡及严重并发症发生，术后平均住院时间13 d（9～37 d），术后1周复查右房室内径较术前明显缩小，随访3个月～8年，心功能及健康状况良好。 结论 中老年继发孔型房间隔缺损手术治疗效果良好；如无介入封堵术指征或伴中度以上三尖瓣关闭不全者均应手术治疗，补片修补及术中积极处理合并的三尖瓣关闭不全有利于术后恢复。

Surgical Indications of Thyroid Nodule and The Selection of Surgical Procedures

Progresses in clinical treatment of multiple rib fractures and flail chest

The incidence of rib fracture in patients with chest trauma is about 70%. Simple rib fractures do not need special treatment. Multiple rib fractures and flail chest are critical cases of blunt trauma, which often cause serious clinical consequences and need to be treated cautiously. Nowadays, there is a controversy about the diagnosis and treatment of multiple rib fractures and flail chest. In the past, most of the patients were treated by non-operative treatment, and only less than 1% of the patients with flail chest underwent surgery. In recent years, studies have confirmed that surgical reduction and internal fixation can shorten the hospital stay, and reduce pain and cost for patients with flail chest, but there is still a lack of relevant clinical consensus and guidelines for diagnosis and treatment, which leads to great differences in clinical diagnosis and treatment plans. This article reviewed the treatment, surgical indications and surgical timing of multiple rib fractures and flail chest.