Objective To establish a repeatable, simple, and effective model of rat crush injury and crush syndrome (CS) so as to lay a foundation for further study on CS. Methods A total of 42 female Sprague Dawley rats (2-month-old, weighing 160-180 g) were divided randomly into the control group (n=6) and experimental group (n=36). The rats of the experimental group were used to establish the crush injury and CS model in both lower limbs by self-made crush injury mould. The survival rate and hematuria rate were observed after decompression. The biochemical indexes of blood were measured at 2, 4, 8, 12, 24, and 48 hours after decompression. The samples of muscle, kidney, and heart were harvested for morphological observation. There was no treatment in the control group, and the same tests were performed. Results Seven rats died and 15 rats had hematuria during compression in the experimental group. Swelling of the lower limb and muscle tissue was observed in the survival rats after reperfusion. The liver function test results showed that the levels of alanine transaminase and aspartate aminotransferase in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P lt; 0.05). The renal function test results showed that blood urea nitrogen level increased significantly after 2 hours of decompression in the experimental group, showing significant difference when compared with that in the control group at 12, 24, and 48 hours after decompression (P lt; 0.05); the creatinine level of the experimental group was higher than that of the control group at 4, 8, 12, and 24 hours, showing significant difference at 8, 12, and 24 hours (P lt; 0.05). The serum K+ concentration of the experimental group was higher than that of the control group at all time, showing significant difference at the other time (P lt; 0.05) except at 2 hours. The creatine kinase level showed an increasing tendency in the experimental group, showing significant difference when compared with the level of the control group at 4, 8, 12, and 24 hours (P lt; 0.05). The histological examination of the experimental group showed that obvious edema and necrosis of the muscle were observed at different time points; glomeruli congestion and swelling, renal tubular epithelial cell degeneration, edema, necrosis, and myoglobin tube type were found in the kidneys; and myocardial structure had no obvious changes. Conclusion The method of the crush injury and CS model by self-made crush injury mould is a simple and effective procedure and the experimental result is stable. It is a simple method to establish an effective model of rats crush injury and CS.
Objective To evaluate the safety and efficacy of transcatheter angiographic embol ization (AE) in the control of massive haemorrhage from large wound due to crush syndrome after Wenchuan earthquake. Methods From May 12 to May 26, 2008, 11 injured persons in Wenchuan earthquake with massive haemorrhage from large wound due to crush syndrome were treated, including 6 males and 5 females aged 16-36 years old (average 21 years old). All 19 wounds were infected.The hemorrhage was from the hip in 7 cases, the thigh stump in 3 cases, and the shoulder in 1 case. Six patients had hemorrhagic shock. All patients underwent arteriography to locate the bleeding artery, and transcatheter AE was performed according to the result of arteriography. Contrast-enhanced spiral CT scan and three-dimensional angiography were performed 48 hours after AE to evaluate leakage of contrast media and collapse of distal artery of embol ism site. Results Angiography for 11 injured persons after AE showed no occurrence of contrast media leakage, faint shadow to the distal branch artery of embol ic level, and significant increase of blood pressure of the bleeding artery, indicating the embol ization was successful. No active hemorrhage was evident in the wounds 48 hours after AE. For the 6 patients with hemorrhagic shock, obvious decrease of hemorrhage was observed after AE, gradual recovery of blood pressure and vital signs, and stabil ity of their condition were evident after supportive therapy. During the first 24 hours after AE, total volume of infusion was 6 750-19 600 mL (average 8 740 mL), and total volume of blood and plasma transfusion was 1 800-6 400 mL (average 3 500 mL). In 6 cases, contrast-enhanced spiral CT scan demonstrated faint shadow of the distal artery without contrast media leakage, and three-dimensional CT angiography showed collapse of the distal artery; in the rest 5 cases, contrast-enhanced spiral CT scan demonstrated shadow of the distal artery without contrast media leakage, and three-dimensional CT angiography displayed the full-fill ing of distal artery with obviously decreased vascular cavity. No severe compl ications such as muscle necrosis in the buttock and hip, bladder necrosis,dysuria, fecal incontinence, and impotence occurred. Conclusion The transcatheter AE is a safe, fast, effective and miniinvasive method of controll ing massive haemorrhage from large wound caused by crush syndrome after Wenchuan earthquake.
Objective To study the medication usage in children with crush syndrome in Wenchuan Earthquake. Methods The information of the medications of 7 children with crush syndrome in West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University was collected by medical history. The cases and times of medication, the total number of drugs, the drug cost per capita and the drug cost per day were calculated by Excel. Results A total of 113 drugs in 19 categories were appl ied to 7 children with crush syndrome. Most children used Vitamins and antibacterial agents. The cost of gamma globul in injection was the highest. Conclusions The rational ity valuation for children medication lacks international vulgate index and needs more basic research.
During the medical rescue after Wenchuan earthquake, based on the design and implementation of the management process of blood purification equipment, we gave the top priority to those patients with post-disaster crush syndrome to ensure their hemodialytic treatment. Through strict management of blood purification technology, the outcomes of these patients have been fundamentally improved and the incidence of complications was substantially reduced. Safe and effective hemodialytic treatment have been administered to 77 patients with crush syndrome (813 case-times).
In this article, the first time use of continuous veno-venous hemofiltration(CVVH) combined with toxic absorption for the treatment of a crush syndrome patient injured in earthquake is described. Correct therapeutic regimen, close observation and prescription condition are crucial for the success of management. The evidence for the application of this method is also discussed in detail.
目的:分析局部枸橼酸抗凝在地震挤压伤患者CRRT治疗中的效果和安全性,并比较不同实施方式的差异。方法:回顾性的分析汶川地震后我院收治的因挤压伤而接受CRRT治疗的患者中局部枸橼酸抗凝的情况。共计39例患者因挤压伤和多器官功能障碍而接受局部枸橼酸抗凝CRRT治疗。按照不同的实施方式分为A组(23例)以同步输入方式进行,B组(16例)以预充式进行。治疗过程中监测患者的肝肾功能、电解质、凝血指标、血常规等。分析不同治疗组局部枸橼酸抗凝治疗的效果和安全性。结果:39例患者死亡4例,其余35例均康复。存活患者治疗后SCr和BUN指标均较治疗前明显降低,差异有统计学意义,Scr:A组(503±215)μmol/L对(149±129.7)μmol/L,B组(577±227)μmol/L对(180.6±146.5)μmol/L,Plt;0.05;BUN:A组(26.6±10.4) mmol/L对(9.3±6.9)mmol/L,B组(30.5±8.1)mmol/L对(10.9±5.72)mmol/L,Plt;0.05。两组滤器后ACT值均较外周血ACT值明显延长且差异有统计学意义,A组:(161±31) s 对 (122±25)s,B组:(157±33)s 对 (125±31) s,Plt;0.05。A组滤器和管路寿命(47.6±11.2)h与B组(41.3±14.5)h相近,A组略长于B组,但两组差异无统计学意义(Pgt;0.05)。其他凝血指标差异无统计学意义。在治疗过程中未发生严重电解质和酸碱平衡紊乱。结论:局部枸橼酸抗凝适于地震挤压伤患者CRRT治疗,这种抗凝方式抗凝效果确切,而且不会加重患者的凝血功能紊乱,不会增加患者活动性出血的风险。同步式局部枸橼酸抗凝在延长滤器和管路方法可能优于预充方式
摘要:目的: 探讨本次汶川大地震中挤压综合征的诊断和治疗的有效方法。 方法 :对8例挤压综合征患者依据病史、症状、体征及实验室检查结果进行诊断,并主要针对急性肾衰和局部创伤给予综合治疗。 结果 :7例完全治愈,1例基本治愈,没有死亡病例,优良率100%。 结论 :以补液、利尿和全身营养支持为主的综合治疗配合血液透析可很好地控制病情发展,促进转归;一旦明确诊断,应尽早实施局部骨筋膜室切开减压或截肢术。Abstract: Objective: To study the treatment of crush syndrome after the Wenchuan earthquake. Methods : The crush syndrome was diagnosed in 8 cases based on the medical history, symptoms, physical examinations and laboratory findings. The amputation was performed on 2 patients. Partial bone compartment open decompression was done on 4 patients. And hemodialysis were used in two of them. Meanwhile the acute renal dysfunction and the local injuries were treated correspondingly. Results : Seven cases were completely recovered, 1 case was recovered partly. Conclusion : Fluid, diuretic and general nutritionbased treatment with hemodialysis if necessary can control disease progression and promote the patients recovery. Once crush syndrome was diagnosed, partial bone compartment open decompression or amputation should be implemented as soon as possible.
ObjectiveTo understand the pre-hospital emergency medical staff's knowledge on crush injury and crush syndrome, and the influence of active and effective pre-hospital measures on the prognosis of patients with crush injury. MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 51 patients with crush injury treated from September 2004 to August 2014, and recorded the number of cases in which pre-hospital emergency medical staff recognized and/or took effective measures to control crush syndrome. Treatment group included those patients who accepted effective prevention and control measures, and the rest of the patients were included in the control group. We compared the two groups of patients in terms of the incidence of serious complications such as crush syndrome and amputation. ResultsTwenty-five cases (49.0%) of crush injury were recognized before the patients were admitted into the hospital, among whom 20 (39.2%) accepted effective preventive and control measures. The mangled extremity severity score between the two groups of patients had no significant difference (6.69±1.96 vs. 7.23±3.54, P>0.05). After being admitted into the hospital, the treatment group had one complication case of crush injury, while the control group had 10 complication cases including 7 of crush injury and 3 of amputation. The complication rate of the treatment group (5.0%) was significantly lower than that of the control group (32.3%, P<0.05). ConclusionActive and effective prehospital preventive and control measures are very important in the treatment of crush syndrome and reduction of morbidity, but the pre-hospital emergency personnel's knowledge of crush injury and crush syndrome is not enough.