ObjectiveTo observe the hemodynamic parameters of retrobulbar vessels of eyes with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) by using color Doppler imaging (CDI) technique. Methods Pertinent publications were retrieved from the PubMed of The National Library of Medicine, the ISI Web of Knowledge of The Institute for Scientific Information, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. Case control studies involved POAG patients were included. Changes in retrobulbar blood flow parameters including peak systolic velocity (PSV), end diastolic velocity (EDV) and resistive index (RI) of the ophthalmic artery (OA), central retinal artery (CRA) and short posterior ciliary artery (SPCA) were evaluated by CDI. The searching time was from the data base established up to April, 2014. Meta analysis was used on the included articles, the mean difference (MD) along with 95% confidence interval (95% CI) of the blood flow parameters were calculated. ResultsTwenty-four articles were retrieved, including 1336 eyes as cases, 1102 eyes as controls. PSV of POAG eyes was statistically signiflcantly lower than controls in the OA (MD=-3.05, 95%CI:-4.49--1.61, P < 0.001), CRA (MD=-1.66, 95%CI:-1.95--1.38, P < 0.001), SPCA (MD=-0.87, 95% CI:-1.49--0.26, P=0.005). EDV of POAG eyes was statistically significantly reduced than controls in the OA (MD=-1.78, 95%CI:-2.14--1.41, P < 0.001), CRA (MD=-0.95, 95%CI:-1.17--0.74, P < 0.001), SPCA (MD=-0.53, 95%CI:-0.71--0.36, P < 0.001). Statistically significant increases in RI of POAG eyes than controls in the OA (MD=0.04, 95%CI: 0.03-0.05, P < 0.001), CRA (MD=0.06, 95%CI: 0.05-0.07, P < 0.001), SPCA (MD=0.04, 95%CI: 0.03-0.06, P < 0.001). ConclusionThis meta-analysis suggests that significant decreased velocity and increased resistance of retrobulbar blood flow are found in POAG eyes.
Objective To observe the expressions of DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) 1, 3a and 3b in retinoblastoma (RB). Methods Sixty-two RB samples and six normal retinas were studied, including 17 poorly differentiated and 45 well differentiated samples; 16 invasive and 46 non-invasive samples. The expressions of DNMT1, 3a, and 3b, and Ki-67 were detected using immunohistochemical analysis. Brown staining of nuclei was considered to represent the positive stain for DNMT1, 3a and 3b, and ki-67, blue staining as negative. The level of high expression of nuclear staining was, positive cells in DNMT1ge;65%, in DNMT3age;60% and in DNMT3bge;40%. The correlations of DNMT1, 3a and 3b expression in RB samples, and MIB-1 labeling index were analyzed. Results Viewed under the light microscope, negative expressions of DNMT1, 3a and 3b were demonstrated in normal retinas, however, positive expression was observed in RB samples, with 100% in DNMT1, 98% in DNMT3a and 92% in DNMT3b. Comparing well differentiated RB samples with poorly differentiated samples, significant differences were found in high expression of DNMT1 (chi;2=12.57,P＜0.05) and DNMT3a (chi;2=10.54,P＜0.05); also in the positive cells of DNMT1 (U=179,P＜0.05) and DNMT3a (U=198,P＜0.05). No significant difference was found comparing high expression (chi;2=1.5,P＞0.05) and positive cells (U=307,P＞0.05) of DNMT3b. When comparing invasive tumor tissues with non-invasive tumors, significant differences were shown between high expression (chi;2=4.72,P＜0.05) and positive cells comparing DNMT1 (U=236,P＜0.05). No significant difference was shown in high expression (chi;2=3.53,0.84; P＞0.05) in DNMT3a and DNMT3b, or in comparison with positive cells (U=338,257;P＞0.05). The expression of DNMTs was positively correlated with the MIB-1 labeling index in RB tissues (R2=0.554,0.376,0.219;P＜0.05). Conclusion There are high expressions of DNMT1,3a,and 3b in RB.
Objective To observe the expression and relationship of high-mobility group A(HMGA)1, HMGA2, MIB-1 labeling index (LI) and let-7 in retinoblastoma (RB). Methods Forty-four RB samples were studied, including 11 poorly-differentiated samples, 33 well-differentiated samples; eight invasive and 36 non-invasive samples. The expression of HMGA1, HMGA2 and MIB-1 LI in RB were analyzed by immunohistochemitry. The HMGA1, HMGA2 were scored on a scale of 0 to high expression. 0: no expression; low: 1%-10%; medium: 11%-50%; high: ＞50%. The MIB LI were scored on a scale of 0 to high expression. 0: no expression; low: 1%-40%; high: ＞40%. Semiquantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was used to assay the let-7 expression level: ge;80% showed no significantly decreased expression; 60%-79% showed medium decrease in expression; ＜60% highly decreased in expression. ResultsIn 44 RB samples, there were 14 cases with no HMGA1 expression (32%), 11 cases with low expression (25%), 10 cases with medium expression (23%), and nine cases with high expression (20%). Expression level of HMGA1 was significantly higher in poorly differentiated RB than in well-differentiated RB (chi;2=11.3,P＜0.01); however, no statistically significant difference was found between invasive tumors and noninvasive tumors (chi;2=5.9,P＞0.05). There were 11 cases with no HMGA2 expression (25%), 11 cases with low expression (25%), nine cases with medium expression (20%), and 13 cases with high expression (30%). Expression level of HMGA2 was significantly higher in poorly differentiated and invasive RB than in well-differentiated and noninvasive RB respectively (chi;2=20.9, 8.7;P＜0.05). There were 4 cases with no MIB-1 LI expression (9%), 18 cases with low expression (41%), and 22 cases with high expression (50%). Expression level of MIB-1 LI was significantly higher in poorly differentiated RB than in well-differentiated RB (t=5.2,P＜0.05). Higher expression of MIB-1 LI was found in invasive tumors than in noninvasive tumors, with no significant difference (t=-1.1,P＞0.05). Twenty-seven cases had no significantly decreased expression of let-7 (61%). There were eight cases with medium decreased expression (18%) and nine cases with highly decreased expression (21%). Correlation analyses revealed that MIB-1 LI expression significantly correlated with HMGA1and HMGA2 proteins (r=0.327, 0.602;P＜0.05). A significantly inverse correlation existed between let-7 expression and HMGA1, HMGA2 proteins and MIB-1 LI respectively (r=-0.247,-0.310,-0.392;P＜0.05). Conclusions Overexpression of HMGA1, HMGA2 and MIB-1 LI and down regulation of let-7 were demonstrated in RB. Supplying let-7 to RB cells can possibly inhibit HMGA1 and HMGA2 expression.
Objective To investigate the correlation between single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of complement factor H (CFH) gene and exudative age-related macular degeneration (AMD) susceptibility. Methods This is a retrospective case control study. 136 exudative AMD patients (AMD group) and 140 age-and sex- matched normal subjects (control group) were enrolled in this study. The peripheral blood was collected, polymorphism genotypes and frequency of CFH Y402H (rs1061170), CFH-257Cgt;T(rs3753394) and CFH IVS15 (rs1329428)were measured by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and allele-specific restriction endonuclease digestion. The SHEsis software was performed on haplotype construction to analyze the frequency. Results There are TT, TC, CC genotypes and T, C allele in CFH Y402H (rs1061170); CC, CT, TT genotypes and C, T allele in CFH-257Cgt;T (rs3753394); AA, AG, GG genotypes and A, G allele in CFH IVS15 (rs1329428). The differences of genotypes and allele frequency between 2 groups were statistically significant (P＜0.05). The TC genotype in CFH Y402H, TT genotype in CFH-257Cgt;T (rs3753394) and GG genotype in CFH IVS15 (rs1329428) were associated with exudative AMD susceptibility (OR=4.11,2.55,3.11；P＜0.05). The T,C and G allele were the risk alleles (OR=3.14,1.72,1.79；P＜0.05). The differences of frequency between TCG, CTG and CTA haplotype were statistically significant(chi;2=10.53,6.60, 32.82；P＜0.05）. Conclusion There is correlation between SNPs of CFH gene and exudative AMD susceptibility.