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单侧原发性自发性气胸行双侧肺大泡切除术的治疗效果

摘要： 目的 探讨单侧原发性气胸行双侧肺大泡切除术的可行性及治疗效果，以寻求单侧原发性气胸最有效的治疗方法。 方法 回顾分析我科自2003年3月至2008年12月 413例单侧原发性自发性气胸患者的临床资料和随访结果，其中男371例，女42例；年龄18～41岁，平均年龄27.7岁。气胸位于左侧285例，右侧128例；首次发生气胸252例，再次发生气胸161例；单发性肺大泡65例,多发性肺大泡348例；肺大泡直径≤1cm 361例，直径＞1 cm 52例；肺大泡位于肺上叶370例，位于肺中叶或下叶背段43例。采用双侧腋下第3～5肋间小切口行双侧肺大泡切除术282例，在电视胸腔镜下行双侧肺大泡切除术131例。 结果 手术时间110.3±48.4 min，拔除气管内插管时间6.5±1.2 d，住院时间8.1±2.3 d。术后出现复张性肺水肿3例，伤口感染3例，均经相应的治疗治愈；术后二次开胸止血1例。随访287例，随访时间17.0±6.3个月，随访期间所有患者无并发症发生，复查胸部X线片无气胸复发。结论 年轻的单侧自发性气胸患者往往双侧肺都有相对称的病变存在，患者能耐受同期双侧肺大泡切除术，同期双侧肺大泡切除术可根治双侧肺大泡病变，并能有效地预防气胸的复发。

体外循环心内直视手术中肝素耐药的原因分析及处理措施

摘要： 目的 探讨体外循环(CPB)心脏直视手术中肝素耐药的原因及处理措施。 方法 自1998年1月至2007年5月我科对1 258例心脏病患者行CPB心脏直视手术，术中19例患者（心脏粘液瘤7例、风湿性心脏病3例、感染性心内膜炎3例、房间隔缺损2例、法洛四联症2例、室间隔缺损1例、右心室双出口1例）出现肝素耐药，男8例，女11例；年龄4～58岁(37±12岁)。其中14例补充肝素后全血激活凝血时间(ACT)gt;480 s；5例补充肝素后ACT仍lt;480 s，给予静脉输注新鲜冰冻血浆或全血后ACT达480 s以上；平均追加肝素13 750 U。另有3例CPB术中ACT很快缩短，平均再补充肝素7 500 U后ACTgt;480 s。 结果 19例患者CPB时间58±27 min，主动脉阻断时间45±22 min；心脏自动复跳17例，15～30 J除颤心脏复跳2例；住ICU时间1～3 d，平均住院时间14.5 d，均痊愈出院。术后随访13例(68.4%)，随访时间2～26个月，心功能恢复至Ⅰ级11例，Ⅱ级2例，无栓塞及出血等严重并发症发生；失访6例。 结论 CPB心脏直视手术中肝素耐药常见于心脏粘液瘤、感染性心内膜炎及紫绀型心脏病等，与血液中出现类似肝素的粘多糖物质、抗凝血酶Ⅲ(ATⅢ)含量及活性低、血小板计数增高、术前抗凝治疗及使用避孕药等因素有关，术中需加强ACT的监测。

选择性肺动脉灌注治疗晚期肺癌

目的　探讨对晚期肺癌患者的治疗手段，使失去手术机会的患者得到有效的治疗。　方法　采用化疗泵行选择性肺动脉灌注。　结果　80例晚期肺癌患者中肺部包块缩小67例，症状好转或明显缓解70例。　结论　选择性肺动脉灌注方法简便、安全、有效，不失为治疗晚期肺癌的一种有效手段。

Relationship between UGT1A1 Polymorphisms and Adverse Effects of Irinotecan in Patients with Esophageal Carcinoma

ObjectiveTo investigate the distribution of uridine diphosphate-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 (UGT1A1) gene polymorphisms in esophageal carcinoma (EC) patients, and their relationship with adverse effects (delayed diarrhea and neutropenia) of Irinotecan. MethodsForty-eight patients with esophageal squamous carcinoma who were admitted to Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital between January and October 2012 were recruited in the study. There were 37 male and 11 female patients with their age of 56 (25-38) years. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded samples were collected from those EC patients and genomic DNA was extracted. UGT1A1 polymorphisms were detected by PCR and DNA sequencing. Three genetic loci were investigated including UGT1A1* 28 (TA6 > TA7), UGT1A1* 6 (211G > A) and UGT1A1* 93 (-3156G > A). Adverse effects (delayed diarrhea and neutropenia) of patients with different UGT1A1 polymorphisms after Irinotecan treatment were recorded. The relationship between UGT1A1 polymorphisms and Irinotecan-induced adverse effects was analyzed. ResultsUGT1A1 polymorphisms were detected in 10 out of 48 (20.8%) EC patients. UGT1A1* 93 (-3156G > A)polymorphisms were most common with the polymorphism rate of 16.7% (8/48), followed by GT1A1* 6 (211G > A) polymorphisms with the polymorphism rate of 4.2% (2/48). The incidences of grade 3~4 diarrhea and grade 3~4 neutropenia after Irinotecan treatment in the patients with UGT1A1 polymorphisms were 60.0% and 40.0% respectively, which were significantly higher than those of the patients with wild type UGT1A1 (21.1% and 15.8% respectively, P < 0.05). UGT1A1 polymorphism rates were 45.5% (5/11) in female patients and 13.5% (5/37) in male patients, which were significantly different (P < 0.05). ConclusionsIn EC patients, 2 polymorphism loci including UGT1A1* 93 (-3156G > A) and GT1A1* 6 (211G > A) can effectively predict adverse effects caused by Irinotecan treatment. UGT1A1 polymorphism rate of male patients is significantly lower than that of female patients.

Clinical Analysis of Cardio Mitral Valvuloplasty for Improving Mitral Valve Regurgitation

目的　总结68例二尖瓣成形术的临床经验，评估其术后临床效果。 方法　回顾分析2001年12月－2011年12月进行二尖瓣成形术治疗的68例二尖瓣关闭不全患者的临床资料。成形术的方法为：人工瓣环植入、双孔成形、后瓣矩形切除、赘生物切除及心包补片修复、腱索转移等。术中采用注水实验和经食管超声心动图检查评估成形效果。 结果　68例患者中手术死亡2例，二次开胸止血1例，肺部感染3例。全部患者术中注水实验和食管超声心动图检查显示成形效果满意。存活66例患者随访6个月，术后10 d、6个月彩色多普勒超声心动图检查：左心房内径、左心室舒张末内径缩小。术后6个月彩色多普勒超声心动图检查：无或微量反流33例，轻度反流27例，轻～中度反流5例，中度反流1例。 结论　根据二尖瓣关闭不全的特征，选择相应的二尖瓣成形技术，可以取的较好的临床效果。

Surgical Treatment for Ruptured Sinus of Valsalva Aneurysm

【摘要】 目的 探讨主动脉窦瘤破裂（RSVA）的临床特点、诊断及外科治疗方法。 方法 2004年1月-2009年12月对28例RSVA患者在体外循环下行RSVA修补术，同期行室间隔缺损修补术18例，房间隔缺损修补术4例，主动脉瓣成形术2例，主动脉瓣置换术4例。术后随访3个月～6年，平均32.4个月。 结果 28例患者均无手术死亡和残余分流。失访4例。心功能Ⅰ级20例，Ⅱ级4例；复查心脏彩色超声心动图无主动脉窦瘤复发或残余分流，主动脉瓣轻-中度反流2例。 结论 外科手术是RSVA的最有效治疗方法，窦瘤破口直径gt;0.5 cm者宜用补片修补。伴有中或重度主动脉瓣关闭不全时需根据主动脉瓣病变程度以及手术者经验决定，必要时需放宽换瓣指征。【Abstract】 Objective To evaluate the clinical characteristics, diagnosis, and surgical treatment of ruptured sinus of Valsalva aneurysm (RSVA). Methods Twenty-eight patients with RSVA were treated surgically in extracorporeal circulation. Repair of RSVA with patch were taken in all patients while closure of ventricular septal defect (VSD) in 18 patients, closure of atrial septal defect (ASD) in four patients, aortic angioplasty (AA) in two patiens and replacement of aortic valve in four patients. Results There was no death and no residue leak after operation. The patients were followed-up for 24 patients, ranged from three months to six years, with the average 32.4 months. The cardiac function of 20 patients was found to be of NYHA classⅠand four patients of classⅡ. Review the heart colour echocardiography, there was no residual tumor or sinus and aortic regurgitation light-moderate in two patients. Conclusions Surgery is the most effective treatment for RSVA, the breaches of sinus tumor in diametergt;0.5 cm is used to repair. When the patients with moderate or severe aortic regurgitation, whether it is necessary to relax in disc indications depends on the degree of aortic disease and performer’s experience.

Application of Thoracoscopy Combined with Laparoscopy in Esophagectomy for Esophageal Carcinoma

目的探讨胸腹腔镜在食管癌手术中应用的可行性及近期疗效。 方法2012年6月至2013年10月四川省人民医院胸外科90例食管癌患者行胸腹腔镜联合食管癌切除术，其中男54例、女36例，年龄47～83岁，平均（63.15±11.10）岁。手术先行胸腔镜游离胸段食管并清扫淋巴结，再腹腔镜游离胃行食管胃左颈部吻合术。记录手术时间、术后胸腔引流管放置时间、平均住院时间、淋巴结清扫枚数、术后并发症等。 结果全部无围术期死亡。手术时间260～450 min。术后4～11 d（平均5 d）拔除胸腔闭式引流管，胸腔总引流量为530～4 260 ml。全组共清扫纵隔淋巴结（气管旁、右下肺韧带、食管旁、隆凸下及左右喉返神经链旁）、腹腔淋巴结（贲门旁、胃左动脉旁）及颈部淋巴结1 395枚，平均每例15.5枚，15例（16.7%）发现淋巴结转移。术后发生吻合口瘘7例（7.8%），声音嘶哑5例（5.6%），肺部感染5例（5.6%），乳糜胸2例（2.2%），均经保守治疗后痊愈。术后10～14 d出院。门诊及电话随访82例，随访率91.1%，随访时间1～16个月，患者全部生存，无复发。 结论胸腹腔镜联合行食管癌根治术在技术上是安全可行的，近期疗效可靠。

胸腹腔镜联合食管癌根治术视频要点

剑突下入路单孔胸腔镜手术治疗自发性气胸 30 例Subxiphoid approach single-incision video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery for 30 patients with spontaneous pneumothorax

目的 探讨剑突下入路单孔胸腔镜手术治疗自发性气胸的安全性和可行性。 方法 回顾性分析 2014 年 8 月至 2016 年 1 月间剑突下入路单孔胸腔镜手术治疗自发性气胸 30 例患者的临床资料，其中男 19 例、女 11 例，年龄 16～28（20.5±5.2）岁。 结果 手术均顺利完成，无中转开胸，无术后出血、漏气等并发症。手术时间（30.5±12.4）min，术中出血量（20.0±10.0）ml，术后胸腔引流管留置时间（1.5±0.8）d，术后住院时间（3.5±0.5）d。术后随访 1 个月，无复发、感染等其他并发症。 结论 剑突下入路单孔胸腔镜手术治疗自发性气胸安全、可行。