Fundus photograph, angiography, optical coherence tomography, ultrasonography and other image technology and visual electrophysiology can provide a wealth of information for the diagnosis and treatment of pediatric retinal diseases. However, it put forward higher requirements on pediatric retinal imaging equipment and techniques which will be quite different from adult, because of pediatric retinal disease has its own characteristics, such as disease spectrum, pathogenesis, and pathophysiology. The principles and methods of image results interpretation on adult were not quite ready for children. It is necessary to further study the fundus imaging techniques suitable for children, gradually establish standardized examination procedures and clinical interpretation system, to promote the diagnosis of retinopathy in children.
Objective To observe the therapeutic efficacy of widefi eld digita l pediatric retinal imaging system (RetCam II)assisted photocoagulation on ret in opathy of preamturity (ROP). Methods The clinical data of 30 p atie nts (58 eyes) with threshold ROP or prethreshold type I ROP were retrospectively analyzed. The nonperfusion area underwent semiconducting photocoagulation wit h 532 nm under indirect binocular ophthalmoscope. In 30 patients, prethreshold ty pe 1 ROP was found in 36 and threshold ROP was in 19; missed area after cryotherapy in other hospital was observed in 3; Zone 1 ROP was in 8 and z one 2 ROP was in 50. Fiftyfour eyes (93.1％) underwent onetime photocoagulat i on and 4 eyes (6.9%) underwent a second. Ocular fundus was examined by RetCam II before and after operation. The missed area after cryoth erapy was at once supplemented during surgery. The followup duration was 3－11 m onths (average of 5.5 months). Results Fiftyfour eyes which had under gone onetime photocoagulation had good result 1－3 weeks after surgery and the disease was controlled. In 4 eyes which had undergone t he second photoco agulation, the disease alleviated after the operation in 2 and local posterior t ractional retinal detachment occurred in 2. At the end of followup duration, u n favorable retinal structural outcome was observed in 2 eyes (3.4%). Con clusion R etCam IIassisted photocoagulation can avoid missed area during the operation， enhance successful rates of first photocoagulation and reduce unfavorabl e retinal structural outcome rates.
The exact pathophysiological mechanisms of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) remain elusive. The risk factors of ROP include excessive oxygen therapy, malnutrition, infection and inflammation. Among the factors above, the effect of inflammation on ROP has received more attention. TNF-α is a biological active protein which is involved in neovascularization and inflammation. It may play a role in the development of ROP. This review summarized the studies on the association between TNF-α and ROP in recent years, so as to provide a new way to further study the pathogenesis and treatment methods of ROP.
Objective To observe the prognosis of visual acuity (VA) of patients with different classification of polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV). Methods Sixty-seven PCV patients (68 eyes) diagnosed by fundus photography, fundus fluorescein angiography, indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) and ocular coherence tomography were enrolled in this retrospective study. The patients were classified into static, exudative, small hemorrhage and large hemorrhage according to activity and pathological characteristics of lesions. The patients were classified into aciniform, single or several single, combined branching choroidal vascular network (BVN) according to morphological characteristics and combination with BVN of lesions on ICGA. The patients also were classified into macular, vascular arcade, peripapillary and mixing zone according to distribution of lesions. The VA of all the types were observed. Results There were 16, 19, 19, 14 eyes in the type of static, exudative, small hemorrhage and large hemorrhage PCV, which with logMAR VA of 0.34plusmn;0.52, 0.70plusmn;0.98, 0.60plusmn;0.50, 0.91plusmn;0.75 respectively. The VA of static PCV patients was better than that in exudative, small hemorrhage and large hemorrhage PCV patients (q=4.75, 4.26, 5.13; P＜0.05). There was no significant difference of VA between exudative and small hemorrhage PCV patients (q=0.98, P＞0.05). There were 22, 38 and eight eyes in the type of aciniform, single or several single, combined BVN PCV, which with logMAR VA of 0.52plusmn;0.55, 0.59plusmn;0.43, 0.80plusmn;0.95 respectively. The VA of combined BVN PCV patients was worse than that in aciniform and single or several single PCV patients (q=3.81, 3.02;P＜0.05). There were 34, 13, 8 and 13 eyes in the type of macular, vascular arcade, peripapillary and mixing zone PCV, which with logMAR VA of 0.78plusmn;0.43, 0.57plusmn;0.37, 0.38plusmn;0.27, 0.74plusmn;0.41 respectively. The VA of macular PCV patients was less than that in vascular arcade and peripapillary PCV patients (q=4.61,5.11;P＜0.05). There was no significant difference of VA between macula and mixing zone PCV patients (q=0.73,P＞0.05). Conclusions The VA of PCV patients is variable.It is related to activity and pathological characteristics of lesions, morphological characteristics and combination with BVN of lesions on ICGA, and distribution of lesions.