Objective To introduce the basic research and cl inical appl ication of the injectable bone repair biomaterials. Methods The recent original articles about the injectable bone repair biomaterials were extensively reviewed. Results The injectable bone repair biomaterials could fill irregularly shaped defects and might allow bone augmentation, both with minimal surgical intervention, and the injectable bone repair material had a good prospect by the medical profession and attach great importance to the academic material, but there were some deficiencies and shortcomings. Conclusion The injectable bone repair biomaterials may be a future approach to repair bone defect．
目的 降低非典型桥本病的误诊率，选择适宜治疗。方法 回顾性总结1981年至1997年间收治的非典型桥本病84例。结果 84例中仅16例未手术，余68例均手术。术后病理结果： 单纯桥本病43例，桥本病合并其他甲状腺疾病： 甲状腺腺瘤4例，结节性甲状腺肿瘤14例，甲状腺机能亢进症3例，甲状腺癌4例。结论 本病误诊率较高，将检测抗甲状腺球蛋白抗体和抗微粒体抗体、细针穿刺活检和甲状腺干制剂诊断性治疗三者有机结合有助于提高本病的正确诊断率； 对于桥本病有压迫症状或合并其他甲状腺疾病者，可予手术治疗； 术中行冰冻病理检查可明确诊断并确定手术方式，术中应尽量保留正常甲状腺组织，以防形成甲状腺功能减低。
ObjectiveTo summarize short-term and long-term effects of ex vivo liver resection followed by autotransplantation (Abbreviation: autotransplantation) in treatment of advanced hepatic alveolar echinococcosis (HAE).MethodThe clinical data and follow-up data of 17 patients with advanced HAE who underwent autotransplantation from November 2016 to July 2019 in the Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture People’s Hospital were retrospectively analyzed.ResultsThe autotransplantations were performed successfully in the 17 patients with advanced HAE. Ten patients underwent the inferior vena cava (IVC) reconstruction with autologous saphenous veins, 5 patients underwent the artificial revascularization, 1 patient underwent the direct anastomosis of the original IVC, and 1 patient didn’t reconstructed (the retroperitoneal collateral circulation was abundant). The mean liver graft mass was 681.3 g (365–1 350 g) and operation time was 11.5 h (9–16 h). The median anhepatic period was 312 min (175–450 min), blood loss was 2 000 mL(950–4 500 mL), red blood cell suspension transfusion was 6.4 U (1–20 U), and fresh frozen plasma was 1.1 L (0.8–2.0 L). The postoperative hospital stay was 5 to 45 d with an average of 25.6 d. There were 4 patients with the postoperative hepatic enveloping effusion, 1 patient with bile leakage, and 1 patient with bile duct stenosis. All of them were treated and cured, and no death occurred. The follow-up time of 17 patients was 3 to 35 months with an average of 9.5 months, no recurrence of HAE and distant metastasis were observed.ConclusionsIn highlands, autotransplantation in treatment of advanced HAE patients with different IVC reconstruction is satisfactory, but it has a higher risk and is difficult. Choice of intraoperative reconstruction materials, judgment of posterior peritoneal collateral circulation, presence or absence of tension in end-to-end anastomosis of the IVC require precise consideration. At the same time, anticoagulation therapy and complications management are difficult, and it is only suitable for plateau medical center with rich experience.