目的探讨经胸锁乳突肌前缘入路行甲状腺良性肿瘤切除术的体会。方法2002年10月至2010年10月期间我院对128例甲状腺良性肿瘤患者行经胸锁乳突肌前缘入路甲状腺手术，手术切口采取皮内缝合。结果所有患者均顺利完成手术。手术时间45~130 min（平均65 min），术中出血10~100 ml（平均40 ml）； 引流管均在术后第2天拔除，引流量15~30 ml（平均20 ml）； 手术切口长3~7 cm（平均5 cm），均一期愈合； 住院时间3~6 d（平均4.5 d）。术后无出血，无神经、甲状旁腺损伤及其他并发症。术后随访0.5~8年（平均5.5年），12例患者（9%）复发，复发时间为术后1~3年（平均1.5年）; 8例患者结节lt;1 cm，给予临床观察; 其余4例患者经相同入路经二次手术治愈，随访无复发，未发现甲状腺癌。结论经胸锁乳突肌前缘入路行甲状腺良性肿瘤切除术不损伤或横断舌骨下肌群，术中出血少，无颈部肌肉瘢痕粘连影响外观之虑。
目的 探讨不能手术治疗的恶性梗阻性黄疸给予介入治疗及术后行放射治疗的效果。方法 对笔者所在单位2006年6月至2011年6月期间收治的68例不能手术治疗的恶性梗阻性黄疸患者在X线导向下行经皮经肝胆道内外引流及金属内支架引流术，对胆道金属内支架置入术后行放射治疗的临床资料进行回顾性分析与总结。结果 行内外引流管引流28例次，金属内支架置入63例次。55例胆管癌患者胆道金属内支架置入后再行放射治疗，13例患者单纯行胆道内外引流管引流，全部患者的黄疸均得到改善。行胆管肿瘤组织活检51例和胆汁脱落细胞学检查68例，总阳性率为58.8% （40/68），术后0.5、1及3年存活率分别为95.6% （65/68），70.6% （48/68）和14.7% （10/68）。结论 恶性梗阻性黄疸在失去手术治疗机会后采用介入治疗解除胆管梗阻，减轻肝脏损害，胆道金属内支架置入术后再行放射治疗，有助于提高患者生存质量，延长患者生存时间。
Objective To investigate the effectiveness of LARS ligament and three-dimensional (3D) printed prosthesis on the combined reconstruction of radial hemicarpal joint after distal radius tumor resection. Methods The clinical data of 12 patients with combined reconstruction of radial hemicarpal joint with LARS ligament and 3D printed prosthesis after distal radius tumor resection between September 2017 and March 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 7 males and 5 females with an average age of 41.8 years (range, 19-63 years). There were 8 cases on the left side and 4 cases on the right side, and 10 cases of giant cell tumor of bone and 2 cases of osteosarcoma. The disease duration ranged from 1 to 20 months, with an average of 8.1 months. The osteotomy length, operation time, and intraoperative blood loss were recorded, and the wrist function was evaluated by Mayo wrist score and Musculoskeletal Tumor Society (MSTS) score before and after operation. The grip strength of the affected limb was expressed by the percentage of grip strength of the healthy upper limb, and the range of motion (ROM) of the wrist joint was measured, including extension, flexion, radial deviation, and ulnar deviation; the bone ingrowth and osseointegration at the bone-prosthesis interface of the wrist joint were observed by radiographic follow-up; the possible wrist complications were recorded. ResultsAll 12 patients successfully completed the operation. The osteotomy length was 5.0-10.5 cm (mean, 6.8 cm), and the operation time was 180-250 minutes (mean, 213.8 minutes). The intraoperative blood loss was 30-150 mL (mean, 61.7 mL). All patients were followed up 11-52 months (mean, 30.8 months). Radiographic follow-up showed that bone ingrowth and osseointegration at the bone-prosthesis interface were observed in all patients, and biological fixation was gradually achieved. During the follow-up, the stability, motor function, and ROM of the wrist joint were good. There was no complication such as arthritis, subluxation, prosthesis loosening, and infection, and no tumor recurrence and metastasis. At last follow-up, the Mayo score was 82.1±5.4, and MSTS score was 27.5±1.5, which were significantly improved when compared with those before operation (48.8±13.5, 16.4±1.4; t=−10.761, P<0.001; t=−26.600, P<0.001). The grip strength of the affected side was 59%-88% of that of the healthy side, with an average of 70.5%. The ROM of wrist joint were 55°-80° (mean, 65.42°) in extension, 35°-60° (mean, 44.58°) in flexion, 10°-25° (mean, 17.92°) in radial deviation, 10°-25° (mean, 18.33°) in ulnar deviation. Conclusion The combined application of LARS ligament and 3D printed prosthesis is an effective way to reconstruct bone and joint defects after distal radius tumor resection. It can improve the function of wrist joint, reduce the incidence of complications, and improve the stability of wrist joint.