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Effects of Ecdysterone on the Expression of Tumor Necrosis Factorα and Nuclear Factor κ B in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease of Rats

摘要:目的: 研究蜕皮甾酮对非酒精性脂肪性肝病大鼠模型肿瘤坏死因子α(TNFα)与核因子κB(NFκB)表达的影响，并探索其可能的作用机制。 方法 :健康成年SD大鼠36只,随机分为正常对照组12只与实验组24只;正常对照组喂以普通基础饲料,实验组应用高脂饲料喂养。实验12周末时将造模成功的实验组大鼠随机分为模型组与蜕皮甾酮治疗组2个亚组,每组12只;正常对照组喂以普通基础饲料至16周,模型组继续应用改良高脂饲料喂养至16周,蜕皮甾酮治疗组大鼠在高脂饮食同时加用蜕皮甾酮灌胃。实验16周末时处死3组所有大鼠;检测肝脏指数,血清与肝组织生化指标及肝组织病理改变;ELISA法检测肝脏TNFα水平;免疫组化检测各组大鼠肝组织中核因子κB蛋白表达情况。 结果 :蜕皮甾酮治疗组血清胆固醇(TC)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)和天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)明显低于模型组(212±058比263±024,Plt;005;5336±1848比8460±3627,P＜005;14020±3595比24359±3638,P＜001);蜕皮甾酮治疗组与模型组相比肝组织丙二醛(MDA)水平降低明显(18454±1645比23928±2376,P＜001),超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力增加显著(942±052比518±043,P＜001),肝脏指数显著降低(435±037比504±046,P＜001)，肝组织脂肪变性程度和炎症活动度明显减轻(546±037比630±049,P＜001)。蜕皮甾酮治疗组与模型组相比TNFα与核因子κB水平明显减轻(4304±748比6156±727,2465±539比4504±746,P值均＜001)。 结论 :蜕皮甾酮具有改善高脂饮食诱发的非酒精性脂肪性肝病大鼠肝脏酶学功能,通过增加肝组织SOD的含量和减少MDA的含量来减轻肝组织氧化应激水平,减轻肝组织TNFα和核因子κB来减轻肝脏炎症,发挥防治非酒精性脂肪性肝病的作用。Abstract: Objective: To investigate the effect and possible mechanism of ecdysterone on the expression of tumor necrosis factoralpha (TNFα) and nuclear factor κ B (NFκB) in rats with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease of rats. Methods : A total of 36 male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into two groups, who were fed with highfat diet (experimental group, n=24) and normal basic food (normal control, n=12) respectively. At the end of the 12th week, the experimental group was randomly divided into two subgroups: model group and ecdysterone group, each group contained 12 rats. From the 13th week, the rats in the normal control group and model group were lavaged with normal sodium, and the rats in the ecdysterone group were lavaged with ecdysterone at 10 mg·kg-1·d-1. At the end of the 16th week, all rats were weighed, narcotized, sacrificed, and the liver index, biochemical indicators in serum and liver tissues and the hepatic pathological changes were observed. The expression of TNFα was detected by ELISA and the expression of NFκB was measured by immunohistochemical staining. Results : At the end 16th week in ecdysterone group, the serum levels of cholesterol (TC), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were reduced markedly (212±058 vs 263±024 and 5336±1848 vs 8460±3627, both P＜005; 14020±3595 vs 24359±3638, P＜001); the tissue content of malondialdehyde (MDA) was decreased evidently (18454±1645 vs 23928±2376, P＜001), while the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) was enhanced notably (942±052 vs 518±043, P＜001); the liver index was decreased significantly in comparison with that inmodel group (435±037 vs 504±046, P＜001); the degree of fatty degeneration and inflammation were relieved dramatically (546±037 vs 630±049, P＜001). The expression of TNFα and the levels of NFκB were significantly lower (4304±748 vs 6156±727 and 2465±539 vs 4504±746, both P＜001) in ecdysterone group compared with model group. Conclusion : The effects of ecdysterone in preventing NAFLD in rats could be related to the increase of SOD content in hepatic tissue and the decrease of MDA content, tumor necrosis factorα and NFκB.

Effect of Hydrogen Sulfide on Arterial Baroreflex in Rat with Sepsis

ObjectiveTo investigate the potential role and mechanism of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in regulating arterial baroreflex (ABR) in septic rats. MethodsThe rat model of cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) induced sepsis was established. Fortyseven male SpargueDawley rats were randomly divided into 9 groups: ① Sham operation (SO)+0.9% NaCl (NS) intravenous injection (i.v.) group; ② SO+NaHS i.v. group; ③ CLP+NaHS i.v. group; ④ SO+artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF) bilater nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS) microinjection group; ⑤ SO+NaHS bilater NTS microinjection group; ⑥ SO+vehicle (DMSO)+NaHS group; ⑦ SO+Gli+NaHS group; ⑧ CLP+vehicle (DMSO) group; ⑨ CLP+Gli group. The ABR function was measured before administration and 5 min and 30 min after administration. Results① The ABR value of rats at different time in the same group: Compared with the ABR value before administration in the SO+NaHS i.v. group, CLP+NaHS i.v. group, SO+NaHS bilater NTS microinjection group, and SO+vehicle+NaHS group, the ABR values of rats significantly decreased at 5 min and 30 min after administration (Plt;0.05, Plt;0.01), which significantly increased in the CLP+Gli group at 5 min and 30 min after administration (Plt;0.05). ② The ABR value of rats at the same time in the different groups: Before administration, the ABR value of rat in the CLP+NaHS i.v. group was significantly lower than that in the SO+NS i.v. group or SO+NaHS i.v.group (Plt;0.05). At 5 min and 30 min after adminis tration, the ABR value of rat in the CLP+NaHS i.v. group was significantly lower than that in the SO+NS i.v. group or SO+NaHS i.v. group (Plt;0.05), which in the SO+NaHS i.v. group or SO+NaHS bilater NTS microinjection group was significantly lower than that in the SO+NS i.v. group or SO+aCSF bilater NTS microinjection group, respectively (Plt;0.05, Plt;0.01), in the SO+Gli+NaHS group or CLP+Gli group was significantly higher than that in the SO+vehicle+NaHS group or CLP+vehicle group, respectively (Plt;0.05). ConclusionsH2S plays an adverse role in septic ABR function, and opening KATP channel located at the pathway of ABR, may be the mechanism involved in the downregulation of ABR function in septic rat. Notably, the NTS may be also responsible for reduction of ABR value.

改良Onlay法修补腹壁巨大切口疝19例报道

慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者疼痛的研究进展

Correlation between Serum Bilirubin and Recurrent Coronary Events in Patients after Coronary Artery Stent Implantation

ObjectiveTo investigate the factors related to recurrent coronary events in patients after coronary artery stent implantation. MethodsWe retrospectively studied the patients performing coronary angiography (CAG) who were admitted to the Department of Cardiology of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University between January 2012 and June 2013. All of the enrolled patients had received CAG in our hospital, with complete coronary angiogram and clinical data. The patients were divided into two groups according to the coronary angiogram and clinical data: coronary event group and non-coronary event group. SPSS 16.0 software was employed for statistical analysis, and multivariate analysis was performed using binary logistic regression model to analyze the risk factors. ResultsA total of 115 patients were included, of which 50 patients had recurrent coronary events. Both the serum total bilirubin and unconjugated bilirubin in patients with coronary events were significantly lower compared with the patients without coronary events at baseline and at the time of CAG reexamination (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). The serum total bilirubin at baseline and the serum total bilirubin and unconjugated bilirubin at the time of CAG reexamination were significantly lower in patients with revasculization due to the progression of coronary artery lesions compared with the patients without coronary events (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). The serum unconjugated bilirubin in patients with in-stent restenosis were significantly lower compared with the patients without coronary events at baseline and at the time of CAG reexamination (P < 0.05). The results of logistic regression analysis showed that multi-vessel coronary artery disease (two-vessel coronary artery disease: OR=10.094, 95%CI 2.498 to 40.798, P=0.001; three-vessel coronary artery disease: OR=16.047, 95%CI 4.121 to 62.481, P=0.000) and low serum unconjugated bilirubin (OR=0.873, 95%CI 0.773 to 0.987, P=0.03) were independent risk factors of recurrent coronary events. ConclusionMulti-vessel coronary artery disease and low serum unconjugated bilirubin are independent risk factors of recurrent coronary events in patients after coronary artery stent implantation.

The relationship between morning symptoms and related clinical features in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

ObjectiveTo explore the relationship between morning symptoms and other clinical characteristics in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and to look for related risk factors affecting morning symptoms.MethodsThis cross-sectional observational study included 153 patients with stable COPD. Morning symptoms were evaluated with the Chinese-version of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Morning Symptom Diary (Ch-COPD-MSD). And modified version of the British medical association respiratory questionnaire (mMRC), COPD assessment test (CAT), questionnaire clinical COPD questionnaire (CCQ) score were scored, and the BODEx index was calculated.ResultsA total of 153 stable COPD patients were included. The patients aged 59.6±7.6 years with a mean forced expiratory volume in one second of (52.0±20.7)% predicted (FEV1%pred). The median score of morning symptoms was 31.00. Morning symptoms severity was different between GOLD groups A to D: median (interquartile range) score in GOLD A was 23.50 (20.00 - 27.25), in GOLD B was 31.00 (26.00 - 38.00), in GOLD C was 30.00 (23.75 - 35.75), and in GOLD D was 36.50 (27.00 - 47.50) (P<0.001). Meanwhile, under different mMRC, CAT, CCQ scores, the difference in the median score of morning symptoms was statistically significant (all P=0.000). Score of morning symptoms was negatively correlated with the FEV1%pred (r=–0.24, P<0.001), and positively correlated with the score of mMRC, CAT, CCQ, and the BODEx index (r value was 0.50, 0.60, 0.53, 0.40, respectively, P<0.001). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that CAT score was the important factor associated with morning symptoms severity in COPD (B=0.829, P<0.001).ConclusionsMorning symptoms are associated with multiple clinical indicators for assessing the severity of COPD, and health status is the most strongly associated with morning symptoms. Clinical evaluation of morning symptoms in patients with COPD can be helpful in comprehensive assessment of the patient’s condition.