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改良幼儿期患儿胃管插管方法的临床比较研究

Short-Term Efficacy of Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid-Supplemented Parenteral Nutrition in Postoperative Gastrointestinal Malignancy: A Meta Analysis of Randomized Control Trials

ObjectiveTo systematically evaluate short-term efficacy of omega-3(ω-3) polyunsaturated fatty acidsupplemented parenteral nutrition in postoperative gastrointestinal malignancy. MethodsThe literatures published randomized control trials (RCT) were searched in PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane Library, CNKI, Weipu, and Wanfang Databases. The immune efficacy outcomes ofω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid-supplemented parenteral nutrition in patients with gastrointestinal malignancy were compared. All the relevant studies were screened and the data were extracted before January 2015. The quality of included literatures was assessed by the risk of bias table provided on Cochrane Library. Statistical analysis was performed by Revman 5.3 software. ResultsSixteen RCTs involving 1019 patients (511 in the study group, 508 in the control group) were enrolled into the analysis. The results of meta analysis:①In the cell immunity:The proportions of CD3, CD4, CD4/CD8 in the study group were significantly higher than those in the control group[CD3:WMD=6.09, 95% CI (2.40, 9.77), P=0.001; CD4:WMD=5.25, 95% CI (3.30, 7.20), P < 0.00001; CD4/CD8:WMD=0.40, 95% CI (0.22, 0.58), P < 0.0001].②In the humoral immunity:The levels of IgA and IgG in the study group were significantly higher than those in the control group[IgA:WMD=0.56, 95% CI (0.36, 0.77), P < 0.00001; IgG:WMD=2.88, 95% CI (0.63, 5.13), P=0.01].③The count of lymphocyte in the study group was significantly higher than that in the control group[WMD=0.27, 95% CI (0.10, 0.43), P=0.002].④In the cytokines:The levels of interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-αin the study group were significantly lower than those in the control group[interleukin-6:WMD=-16.75, 95% CI (-25.00, -8.50), P < 0.0001; TNF-α:WMD=-6.25, 95% CI (-10.55, -1.95), P=0.004].⑤The rate of postoperative infective complications in the study group was significantly lower than that in the control group[OR=0.36, 95% CI (0.20, 0.66), P=0.0008]. ConclusionFor postoperative patients with gastrointestinal malignancy, ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid-supplemented parenteral nutrition could improve immune function, decrease postoperative inflammatory reaction, and reduce rate of infective complications.

停循环技术应用于升主动脉-胸降主动脉人工血管旁路移植治疗主动脉缩窄

目的总结经单一胸部正中切口采用低温停循环技术行解剖外升主动脉-胸降主动脉人工血管旁路移植术治疗主动脉缩窄的经验。方法回顾性分析 2009 年 12 月至 2018 年 5 月我院连续 12 例主动脉缩窄患者的临床资料。其中男女各 6 例，年龄 13～42 岁，均有高血压症状，上下肢动脉收缩压差 46～85（57.1±16.8）mm Hg。手术经胸部正中切口，采用体外循环及深低温停循环技术，行升主动脉-心包后胸降主动脉人工血管旁路移植术。结果人工血管平均直径 14～20（17.2±1.8）mm，体外循环时间 69～197（115.9±40.6）min，主动脉阻断时间 41～142（69.8±30.7）min，深低温停循环时间 9～27（16.8±4.1）min。所有患者均未输血，无严重并发症。术后上下肢动脉收缩压差值为 –12～22（14.3±4.8）mm Hg，较术前显著下降（P<0.01）。所有患者均康复出院，平均随访 3～91（41.9±21.5）个月，随访期间仅 1 例患者术后需要服用 1 种降压药物，其余患者均正常。结论深低温停循环下经胸部切口行解剖外人工血管旁路移植术治疗主动脉缩窄安全有效，未来需要更多病例进一步验证。

Reporting Quality of Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses Published in Chinese Pediatric Journals: A Retrospective Study

ObjectiveTo carry out a retrospective study of the reporting quality and current situation of the systematic reviews (SRs)/meta-analyses (MAs) in pediatric field in China, as well as compliance with the PRISMA and MOOSE guidelines. MethodsSeven core Chinese pediatric journals were hand-searched. Two reviewers extracted data independently using predesigned data extraction form, crosschecked data, and discussed to solve discrepancy. The PRISMA and MOOSE guidelines were used to assess the reporting quality respectively, and subgroup analysis was conducted by different total cites and different published time. SPSS 22.0 was used to for statistical analysis. Percentage was used to describe categorical data and Chi-square test was used to compare the difference among groups. ResultsA total of 157 SRs/MA were included. The proportion of SRs/MA related to interventions was the biggest (61.1%, 96 SRs/MA). (1) The coincidence rate of SRs/MA related to interventions in the PRISMA checklist was better:the coincidence rate of twenty entries was above 50%; (2) The coincidence rate of observational SRs/MA in the MOOSE guidelines was not so good:the coincidence rate of 15 entries was less than 50%, even some of them were less than 20%. There were no significant difference between different total cites (≤5 vs. > 5) in PRISMA and MOOSE guidelines. (3) The coincidence rate of SRs/MA related to interventions had been improved to some extent in most of items after the PRISMA guidelines published, and the differences were statistically significant respectively in No. 8, 19, 20, and 23 (P≤0.05). ConclusionsThe number of SRs/MA published in the pediatric journals in China is increasing generally, the coincidence rate of SRs/MAs related to interventions have been obviously improved after the PRISMA guidelines published, and it's better than the coincidence rate of observational SRs/MAs in MOOSE guidelines. In a word, we should pay more attention to the quality of SRs/MAs, but not just the number.