To understand the reason of hyperpigmentation following full-thickness skin autograft, 54 guinea pigs were selected as skin autograft models. The changes of density of epidermal keratinocyte (KC) and the amount and distribution of melanin in the epidermal KC were observed by histological, histochemical and autoradiographic techniques. The results showed: (1) The histological changes of KC were in fact a wound-repair process; (2) The increased melanin in KC coordinated with "multi-overlapping screen" effect, a result of multiple layers of "supranuclear cap", was the direct cause of hyperpigmentation of the graft and (3) The hydrolytic disturbance of melanin in KC and the longer life span of the KC were probably the important reasons for the increase of melanin in the epidermis.
ObjectiveTo investigate the value of endoscopic sphincterotomy (EST) on treating sphincter of Oddi dysfunction (SOD). MethodsForty-two patients with SOD according to Rome Ⅱ diagnostic criteria were retrospectively summarized. Bile duct residual stone, tumor or biliopancreatic duct obstruction diseases were excluded by B ultrasound, CT, and MRCP examination. Total 42 patients underwent EST. ResultsEST was done successfully in 42 cases, success rate was 100%. Postoperative acute pancreatitis occurred in 5 patients (11.90%), which were cured by 3－7 d conservative treatment. There were no complications of severe acute pancreatitis, digestive tract perforation, hemorrhage, and cholangitis. Follow-up 12-45 months (mean 23.8 months), symptoms of abdominal pain in all cases were improved or relieved, the effective rate was 100%. There were 2 cases treated conservatively because of hyperlipemic pancreatitis. ConclusionEST has become the primary treatment procedure for SOD because of definite outcome, less suffering, safety, less complications, and reproducibility, which are concordant with the requirements of minimally invasive surgery.
ObjectiveTo construct a scientific, standardized, and consistent nursing service quality evaluation system for hemodialysis centers, and to provide scientific basis for the evaluation, improvement, and promotion of nursing service quality in hemodialysis centers.MethodsFrom October to December 2018, based on the Servqual model, combined with the particularity of hemodialysis center and relevant national policies and regulations, the indexes of nursing service quality were determined by Delphi method and precedence chart method, and the nursing service quality evaluation scale of hemodialysis center was established.ResultsThe established nursing service quality evaluation system for hemodialysis center was consisted of 7 items of first-level, 15 items of second-level, and 38 items of third-level. The effective recovery rate of expert letters was 93.75%, and the expert authority coefficient was 0.914. The Kendall coordination coefficients for the three levels of indicators were 0.570, 0.583, and 0.496 (P<0.01), and the variation coefficients for each level of indicators were between 0.000 and 0.179. Among the first-level indicators, the largest weight was security, and the smallest weight was effectiveness.ConclusionsThe evaluation system of nursing service quality for hemodialysis centers is scientific, reliable, and feasible. In view of the particularity of nursing service in hemodialysis centers, clear evaluation criteria are put forward, which can evaluate the service quality more comprehensively, scientifically, objectively, and directly, and improve and enhance the service level of hemodialysis centers according to the evaluation system.
Objective To explore the proper dosage of establishment of stable hepatic oval cells （HOC） prolif-eration model by using 2-acetaminofluorene （2-AAF） combined with two-third partial hepatectomy （2/3 PH） surgery， and to explore isolated and cultured method of HOC in vitro. Methods The 174 Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 experimental groups （each group enrolled 30 rats）， saline group （n=30）， and untreated group （n=24）. Rats of 4 experi-mental groups were underwent gavage of 5， 10， 15， and 20 mg/（kg ? d） 2-AAF， corresponding to the groups from No.1 to No.4 group. Rats of saline group received saline gavage and rats of untreated group didn’t received any treatment. A standard 2/3 PH surgery was performed on the 5th day after gavage， then the same gavage method was still administrated as preoperation untill rats were sacrificed. The liver tissues of 6 selected rats were adopted and identified by HE staining and immunohistochemical staining on 4， 8， 12， and 16 days after PH for observation of the proliferation of HOC in every group， on 4 days， levels of alanine aminotransferase （ALT） and aspartate aminotransferase （AST） were tested in addition. HOC were isolated and purified by collagenase perfusion method and percoll gradient centrifugation. Results The surv-ival rates of untreated group，saline group，No.1 group，No.2 group，No.3 group，and No.4 group were 100% （24/24），93% （28/30），93% （28/30），90% （27/30），90% （27/30），and 80% （24/30） respectively. Compared with the saline group and untreated group， the levels of serum ALT and AST increased significantly in No.2， No.3， and No.4 group on the 4th day after PH （P＜0.05）. The results of HE staining showed that No.2， No.3， and No.4 group were observed visibly different level of damage at liver tissue， and the proliferation level of HOC were most obviously in No.3 and No.4 group. The results of immunohistochemical staining revealed that proliferation cells were positively expressed oval cell marker-6 （OV-6）. The number of OV-6 positive cells were increased significantly with the increase of dosage of 2-AAF between 4 days and 12 days after operation， and proliferation levels were related with dosages of 2-AAF （P＜0.05）. In all cultured cells， 80% of cells were OV-6 positive cells after isolation and culture by using collagenase perfusion method and percoll gradient centrifugation. Conclusions The methods of gavage of 2-AAF at 15 mg/（kg ? d） combined with 2/3 PH surgery can establish the HOC proliferation model on the 12th day， as well as the rats have lower mortality and better tolerance， especially. The collagenase perfusion method and percoll gradient centrifugation can be used to isolate HOC effectively.
Objective To discuss the value of biliary stent in treatment of malignant biliary obstruction with different pathways of bile duct stent insertion. Methods Fourty-two cases of malignant biliary obstruction whose biliary stent insertions were through operation (n=18), PTCD (n=17) and ERCP (n=7) respectively were reviewed retrospectively. Results The bile duct stents were successfully inserted in all patients through the malignant obstruction and achieved internal biliary drainage. Compared with the level of the bilirubin before operation, it decreased about 100 μmol/L one week after the stent insertion in all patients. Compared with the levels of glutamic oxalacetic transaminase, glutamic pyruvic transaminase, alkaline phosphatase and glutamyltranspeptidase before operation, they decreased 1 week after the stent insertion （Plt;0.05). The median survival time was 22 weeks. The average survival time was (32.89±33.87) weeks. Two patients died in hospital after PTCD, and the mortality was 4.76%. Complications included 8 cases of cholangitis, 3 cases of bile duct hemorrhage and 2 cases of hepatic failure. Conclusion The bile duct stent insertions through operation, PTCD and ERCP are all effective in relieving the bile duct construction with malignant biliary obstruction. Each method should be chosed according to the systemic and local condition for every patient so as to improve the safety and efficiency, and to decrease the occurrence of complications.