ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of health education pathway intervention on the mental status and coping capacity in family members of brain injury patients receiving surgery. MethodsOne hundred and eighty-eight family members were randomly divided into control group (n=93) and intervention group (n=95) between September 2013 and October 2014. The control group received conventional health education only, while the intervention group was given health education pathway intervention. The mental status and coping capacity of family members in the two groups on admission and at discharge were surveyed and compared based on symptom checklist 90 (SCL-90) and coping styles questionnaire (CSQ). The hospitalization stay and expenditure and the satisfaction degree were also compared. ResultsThere was no significant differences in mental status and coping capacity in family members between the two groups on admission (P > 0.05). After health education pathway intervention, the positive rate of SCL-90 in the control group was significantly higher than that in the intervention group, and the total score and score for each factor were also obviously higher (P < 0.05). As for coping capacity, the scores of self-blaming, avoidance, fancy and rationalization of CSQ in the control group were significantly higher than those in the intervention group, and the scores of appealing help and resolving problems were obviously lower (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the hospitalization stay and expenditure were significantly shorter or lower in the intervention group than those in the control group, and the satisfaction degree on nursing service was obviously higher (P < 0.05). ConclusionThe health education pathway intervention can greatly improve mental status and coping capacity in family members of brain injury patients.
Inhalable particles deposition in the human respiratory system is the main cause of many respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. It plays an important role in related disease prevention and treatment through establishing computer or external entity models to study rules of particle deposition. The paper summarized and analyzed the present research results of various inhalable particle deposition models of upper respiratory tract and pulmonary area, and expounded the application in the areas of disease inducement analysis, drug inhale treatment etc. Based on the review, the paper puts forward the problems and application limitations of present research, especially pointing out future emphasis in development directions. It will have a value of reference guidance for further systematic and in-depth study on the inhalable particle deposition simulation, experiment and application.
Research on the deposition of inhalable particles in the alveoli of the lungs is important to the causes, development for common respiratory diseases such as emphysema, and even the optimization of clinical treatment and prevention programs of them. In this paper, an in vitro experimental model was established to simulate the deposition of terminal bronchioles and pulmonary acinus particles. The deposition rate of inhalable particles with different particle sizes in the pulmonary acinus was studied under different functional residual capacity. The results showed that the particle diameter was an important factor affecting the deposition of particles in the lung alveoli. Particles with 1 μm diameter had the highest deposition rate. With the functional residual capacity increasing, particulate deposition rate significantly reduced. The results of this study may provide data support and optimization strategy for target inhalation therapy of respiratory diseases such as emphysema and pneumoconiosis. The established model may also provide a feasible in vitro experimental model for studying the deposition of inhalable particles in the pulmonary alveoli.
The inhalation and deposition of particles in human pulmonary acinus region can cause lung diseases. Numerical simulation of the deposition of inhaled particles in the pulmonary acinus region has offered an effective gateway to the prevention and clinical treatment of these diseases. Based on some important affecting factors such as pulmonary acinar models, model motion, breathing patterns, particulate characteristics, lung diseases and ages, the present research results of numerical simulation in human pulmonary acinus region were summarized and analyzed, and the future development directions were put forward in this paper, providing new insights into the further research and application of the numerical simulation in the pulmonary acinus region.
Research on the deposition of inhaled particles in human pulmonary acinus region is important to the pathogenesis investigation, prevention and treatment of lung diseases. Most of the current research focus on the final deposition fraction of inhaled particles in human acinar region, but little is involved in their dynamic deposition characteristics. In this paper, five multi-alveolar models, G3−G7, were built. The evaluation parameter 1/4 deposition time was introduced to study the particle deposition speed. The deposition characteristics of particles in the diameter ranging 0.1−5 μm were numerically simulated and summarized under the influence of factors such as the generation and structure of model, particle diameter and respiratory mode, shedding some new light on the further research of transport of inhaled particles. The results showed that the generation and structure of model had a significance effect on the deposition of particles. 0.1 μm particles were dominated by Brownian diffusion, which experienced a high deposition fraction, a fast deposition speed and a logarithmic deposition curve, while 5 μm particles were dominated by gravitational sedimentation, with a high deposition fraction, a fast deposition speed and an S-shaped deposition curve. The deposition of 0.3−1 μm particles were influenced greatly by convention and varied with the change of respiratory mode. The research methods and results in this paper can provide theoretical basis and data support for the further exploration of the mechanism, prevention and treatment of lung diseases.
Objective To investigate the effect of photodynamic therapy (PDT) combined with intravitreal bevacizumab on wet age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Methods In this retrospective study, 34 eyes (28 cases) diagnosed with wet AMD received PDT combined intravitreal injection of bevacizumab, including 25 eyes with classic CNV and 9 eyes with minimally classic CNV by fluorescein angiography; On optical coherence tomography (OCT), 23 eyes showed intraretinal fluid (IRF) and 11 eyes presented subretinal fluid (SRF). After signing informed consent, all patients underwent initial standard PDT followed by intravitreal bevacizumab (1.25 mg) within succeeding 3 to 7 days. Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and OCT with routine eye examinations were evaluated monthly. Additional bevacizumab (1.25 mg) was injected intravitreally if new or increasing fluid appreciated on OCT, or BCVA lowered more than 5 letters even with stabilized fluid. Injection was discontinued if no fluid was showed on OCT (quot;dry macularquot;), or BCVA was stabilized even with fluid after two consecutive injections. BCVA and central retinal thickness (CRT) were analyzed and compared between baseline and 6 month follow-up. The correlation between parameters such as baseline BCVA, greatest linear dimension (GLD), type of CNV, SRF or IRF and posttreatment BCVA will be analyzed. The injection number of bevacizumab and complications were recorded. Results Compared to baseline, BCVA improved (9.4plusmn;10.2) letters and reach 44.9plusmn;21.3 letters (t=5.438，P＜0.01) and CRT decreased (184.6plusmn;214.6) mu;m (t=4.810，P＜0.01) at 6 month visit. The average of injection number was 1.9plusmn;0.9 (including initial injection of combination therapy). With multiple lineal regression analysis, only baseline BCVA correlated to posttreatment BCVA at 6 month visit (r=0.802.P＜0.01). The type of CNV, GLD, SRF or IRF on OCT and CRT at baseline were not associated to post-treatment BCVA (r=0.053, -0.183, 0.139 and 0.053, respectively.P＞0.05). BCVA of eyes with SRF (14.7 letters) increased more than eyes with IRF (6.9 letters) on OCT (t=-2.207，P=0.035). The change of BCVA after treatment (t=-0.076), change of CRT (t=-1.028) and number of injections (Z=-1.505) were not different between classic CNV and minimally classic CNV (P＞0.05). The change of CRT (t=-0.020) and number of injections (Z=-0.237) did not present difference between SRF and IRF (P＞0.05). The change of BCVA (t=1.159) and number of injections (Z=-1.194) were not correlated to whether residual fluid or not at 6 month visit (P＞0.05). No severe complications were noticed during follow-up.Conclusion For wet AMD patients, PDT combined intravitreal bevacizumab could improve visual acuity, reduce retinal thickness and control CNV progress in a short-term.