As the development of medical imageology, radioexamination has become one of the main approaches of disease diagnosis. However, the society and hospital have not taken the hidden danger and harmfulness of radiation seriously. Through discussing the following eight aspects of radiation safety culture management, this paper aims to reduce the risk of radiation and ensure the safety of patients and medical staff: a) Improving the awareness of safety culture and the understanding of patients on safety culture; b) Consummating the safety management system of the radiation; c) Attaching importance to implementing the relevant laws and regulations of radiation; d) Mastering the examination indications, and especially the contraindications of radiation; e) Strengthening the clinical cooperation and exchange; f) Improving the staff’s ability to distinguish hidden danger and identify patients in high risk; g) Strengthening the nursing behavior safety management of the radiation department; and h) Strengthening the biological security management of the radiation department.
ObjectiveTo explore the variation tendency of hospital infection and the antibacterial usage between 2011 and 2012,analyze the factors for hospitalization infection,and instruct on taking effective intervention measures,in order to reduce the rate of hospital infection,and thus to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of hospital infection. MethodsAll patients hospitalized in our hospital from 00:00 to 24:00 between September 21,2011 and August 16,2012 were investigated.By using the method of combined clinical investigation and case study,we asked the patients to fill the case questionnaires standardly,and analyzed the hospital infection cases on the survey day. ResultsA total of 1165 hospitalized patients were investigated from the year 2011 to 2012,and the actual check rate was 100%.A total of 46 cases of hospital infection occurred in 39 patients.The prevalence rate of hospital infection was 3.88% in 2011 and 2.80% in 2012.High rate hospital infections occurred in the Department of Neurosurgery which was 27.27% and Cardiothoracic surgery which was 16.67% in 2011.In 2012,the departments included ICU which was 28.57% and Internal Cardiovascular Medicine which was 9.09%.The main infection sites were respiratory tract,followed by urinary tract and superficial incisions.The usage rates of antibiotics were 63.07% and 40.56% respectively in the two years.There were significant difference in antibiotic use rate between the two years (P<0.01). ConclusionThe focus of future work is to strengthen the management of respiratory tract,urinary tract and surgical site infections,and to use antimicrobial drugs reasonably,in order to reduce hospital infection effectively.
ObjectiveTo explore a better hygienic hand disinfection method to improve hand hygiene compliance, by evaluating and comparing the disinfection effects and the economic and time cost expenditures of three different types of hygienic hand disinfection methods.MethodsFrom March to July 2016, patients undergoing blood collection were randomly divided into three groups, and five blood collection nurses used one different type of hygienic hand disinfection method in each group when performing blood collection operation on the patients, including: direct hygienic hand disinfection (group A); wearing gloves, and doing hygienic hand disinfection without putting off gloves (group B); and changing gloves for each patient, and doing hygienic hand disinfection after putting off gloves (group C). Two hundred and ten specimens of the nurses’ hands or gloves surface after hand hygiene were collected from each group for the comparison of hygienic hand disinfection effect, and the differences in economic cost and time cost were compared.ResultsThe passing rates of the disinfection effect of the three different types of sanitary hand disinfection methods were all 100%. The economic cost of group A, B, and C was 9.66, 21.98, and 185.66 yuan, respectively, and the time cost of group A, B, and C was 5 250, 6 860, and 14 700 seconds, respectively. No sharp injury occurred.ConclusionSince direct hygienic hand disinfection does not implement the standard prevention principle, the method of wearing gloves and doing hygienic hand disinfection without putting off gloves is the best in the three different hygienic hand disinfection methods, which not only has the same disinfection effect, but also can save economic cost and time cost, which may improve the medical personnel’s hand hygiene compliance.
Objective To evaluate the disinfection efficacy of alcohol-based hand disinfectants for medical glove surface in continuous operation, and explore approaches of improving hand hygiene compliance. Methods Between March and July 2015, and between March and July 2016, all the nurses (n=5) in Blood Collection Room of Outpatient Department with many patients and frequent sterile operation needed were included in this study. Nurses wearing gloves for hand hygiene and disinfection between March and July 2016 were regarded as the observation group, and those who used alcohol-based disinfectants for routine hand hygiene without gloves between March and July 2015 were designated into the control group. The hand hygiene compliance was compared between the two groups. From March to July 2016, alcohol-based hand disinfectants were used for disinfection on the glove surface during continuous blood sampling by nurses with gloves on their hands. Fifty samples were collected respectively after the gloves were used for 1, 2, 5, 10, and 15 continuous times for blood sampling. Then, the samples were sent to the bacteriology room for culture. Results All of the 250 samples were qualified, and the bacterial colonies on the surface of gloves were equal to 10 cfu/mL2 or lower. NoStaphylococcus aureus,Escherichiacoli or other pathogens were detected on the glove surface. However, after the gloves were continuously used for 15 times, the gloves of two nurses could not meet the research criteria again because of significant sweating. Conclusions In the process of continuous blood sampling, it is effective to use alcohol-based hand disinfectants to disinfect the surface of medical gloves, which can promote hand hygiene compliance to a certain extent. However, there is a certain limit on the times of usage for medical gloves.
ObjectiveTo evaluate the high-level disinfection effect of flexible endoscopes in the Endoscopy Center of the First People’s Hospital of Longquanyi District of Chengdu, explore the key links of flexible endoscope cleaning and disinfection, and provide theoretical guarantee and technical support for the next step of the endoscope center work.MethodsWe sampled and monitored the lumens, water and air injection ports and biopsy ports of 19 flexible endoscopes after high-level disinfection in the Endoscopy Center of the First People’s Hospital of Longquanyi District of Chengdu. A total of 307 specimens were collected from 108 flexible endoscopes. We compared the disinfection effects of different flexible endoscopes and different sampling sites, and compared the microbial detection status of different flexible endoscopes.ResultsThe qualified rates of disinfection of gastroscopes, colonoscope and duodenoscopy were 79.22%, 86.21% and 100.00%, respectively, and the difference was not statistically significant (P=0.721). The qualified rates of disinfection of the endoscopic lumen, water and air injection port and biopsy port were 87.04%, 93.00% and 94.95%, respectively, and the difference was not statistically significant (χ2=4.585, P=0.101). The qualified rates of the lumen, water and air injection port and biopsy port of gastroscope, colonoscope and duodenoscope were 84.42%, 93.10%, 100.00%, 92.96%, 92.59%, 100.00%, 94.29%, 96.30%, 100.00%, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in the disinfection effect of various parts of different flexible endoscopes (P>0.05). Bacteriological identification showed that of the 28 specimens with excess bacteriological standards, 16 gram-positive bacteria (57.1%), and 12 gram-negative bacteria (42.9%) were found.ConclusionThe cleaning and disinfection effect of flexible endoscopes has certain defect. Endoscope should be treated in strict accordance with the technical specifications for cleaning and disinfection of the flexible endoscope to further improve the disinfection effect of the flexible endoscope.
Objective To investigate the changes of multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) in the First People’s Hospital of Longquanyi District of Chengdu around its overall relocation. Methods The First People’s Hospital of Longquanyi District of Chengdu was overall relocated on December 31st, 2016. The detection rates of MDROs and the changes in nosocomial infections before the relocation (from 2015 to 2016) and after the relocation (from 2017 to 2020) were retrospectively analyzed. Results A total of 83634 qualified specimens were submitted for inspection, 8945 strains of pathogenic bacteria were detected, and the detection rate of pathogenic bacteria was 10.70%, showing an increasing trend in yearly detection rates of pathogenic bacteria (χ2trend=8.722, P=0.003); among them, 1551 MDRO strains were detected, and the detection rate of MDROs was 17.34%, showing an increasing trend in yearly detection rates of MDROs (χ2trend=11.140, P=0.001). The detection rate of pathogenic bacteria before relocation was lower than that after relocation, and the difference was statistically significant (9.64% vs. 11.08%; χ2=35.408, P<0.001); there was no significant difference in the detection rate of MDROs before and after relocation (16.32% vs. 17.66%; χ2=2.050, P=0.152). From 2015 to 2020, the detection rates of pathogenic bacteria from sputum+throat swab specimens (χ2trend=81.764, P<0.001) and secretion+pus specimens (χ2trend=56.311, P<0.001) showed increasing trends, while the detection rates of pathogenic bacteria from blood specimens (χ2trend=110.400, P<0.001), urine specimens (χ2trend=11.919, P=0.001), and sterile body fluid specimens (χ2trend=20.158, P<0.001) showed decreasing trends. The MDRO detection rates of Escherichia coli (χ2trend=21.742, P<0.001), Staphylococcus aureus (χ2trend=47.049, P<0.001), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (χ2trend=66.625, P<0.001) showed increasing trends, while the MDRO detection rates of Klebsiella pneumoniae (χ2trend=2.929, P=0.087) and Acinetobacter baumannii (χ2trend=0.498, P=0.481) showed no statistically linear trend, but the MDRO detection rate of Acinetobacter baumannii dropped significantly in 2017. In the targeted monitored MDROs, the proportions of nosocomial infections in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (χ2trend=4.581, P=0.032), carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (χ2trend=8.031, P=0.005), and carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (χ2trend=6.692, P=0.010) showed decreasing trends; there was no statistically linear trend in the proportion of nosocomial infections in carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (χ2trend=0.597, P=0.440); only one strain of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus was detected in 2017, and no nosocomial infection occurred. Conclusions The overall detection rate of pathogenic bacteria and MDROs in this tertiary general hospital around relocation showed increasing trends year by year. The detection rate of pathogenic bacteria after relocation was higher than that before relocation, but the detection rate of MDROs after relocation did not differ from that before relocation. The proportion of nosocomial infections among the targeted monitored MDROs decreased.