Bioactive glass (BG) has been widely used in bone tissue engineering due to its good osteogenic property and bioactivity, but it still has some deficiencies, such as poor cell adhesion and low osteogenic rate and so on. Mesoporous biological glass (MBG) is a kind of new material originated from BG and mesoporous silica (MS). Because of its large number of nano-channel, large specific surface area, easy degradation, good biocompatibility and biological activity, MBG has great application prospects in the field of bone tissue engineering. This review would present MBG preparation and experimental research in order to provide the theoretical basis and experimental reference for related researches.
Objective To systematically review the pharmacoeconomic evaluation related to relapsed or refractory B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (r/r B-ALL), and to summarize its model structure, parameter inclusion and other methodological parts for future r/r B-ALL-related interventions, and to provide references for conducting pharmacoeconomic evaluations. Methods PubMed, EMbase, The Cochrane Library, CNKI and WanFang Data databases were electronically searched to collect relevant literature on the pharmacoeconomic evaluation model of r/r B-ALL from inception to August 6th, 2021. Two reviewers independently screened literature, extracted data, and assessed the quality of the included studies. The data on the model structure, methods, and parameter inclusion were then summarized. Results A total of 10 studies using different modeling methods were included. Due to the lack of head-to-head trials, most of the efficacy parameters for the intervention and control groups were derived from different clinical trials and compared indirectly. All studies used quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) as output indicators, and some used life years (LYs) as output indicators and reported the incremental cost effectiveness ratio (ICER). All studies measured the cost of treatment and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation; a few studies also conducted subgroup analysis. Conclusion The number of studies on the economic evaluation of r/r B-ALL is relatively small, and there are large differences in model types, health status, and parameter inclusion. It is suggested that researchers should guarantee the integrity of the report format and normative according to available data choice drug economics evaluation model and establish the reasonable hypothesis under the condition of the patient population heterogeneity uncertainty, perform subgroup analysis especially on the subgroup which did not receive salvage therapy. In the absence of head-to-head clinical trials, appropriate indirect comparison methods are adopted according to the data obtained to reduce methodological differences and improve the quality of relevant pharmacoeconomic research in China.
ObjectiveTo investigate the disease severity and comorbidities in outpatient with asthma from urban area in China.MethodsA face-to-face, questionnaire-based survey was carried out in outpatient department in 30 general hospitals from 30 provinces in China mainland except for Tibet during October 2015 to May 2016, and asthma patients who meet the including criteria were enrolled. Data of demographic characteristics, smoking status, disease severity, and comorbidities were collected.ResultsA total of 3 875 cases were included. According to GINA criteria, the proportion of diseases severity was as following: intermittent status 52.5% (2 033/3 875), mild persistent 24.5% (951/3 875), moderate persistent 16.9% (656/3 875), and severe persistent 6.1% (235/3 875). The overweight rate was 32.9% (1 274/3 875), the rate of obesity was 10.3% (401/3 875), and the smoking rate was 20.1% (777/3 875). Obesity and smoking were related to poor asthma control. 75.9% (2 941/3 875) of the patients had comorbidities: allergic rhinitis 43.4% (1682/3 875), hypertension 16.4% (634/3 875), nasosinusitis 8.7% (338/3 875), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 7.3% (283/3 875), bronchiectasis 3.0% (118/3 875), and rhinopolypus 2.9% (114/3 875).ConclusionsThe majority of asthma patients from outpatient department are mild asthma patients. The proportion of allergic rhinitis and bronchiectasis in asthma patients is higher than mean level. Asthma patients with comorbidities of obesity and smoking is related to poor asthma control.
ObjectiveTo analyze the relationship between medication compliance of patients with uncontrolled asthma and lung function,airway inflammation level, asthma control level and quality of life so as to obtain important references for improving patient compliance and asthma control level in the future. MethodsQuestionnaires were performed in asthma patients who did not achieve asthma control and had poor compliance in 32 third-class hospitals in 28 provinces of China mainland. All patients were tested for lung function and airway inflammation levels. So the relevant data of asthma compliance was investigated and analyzed. ResultsA total of 923 patients were investigated and the questionnaire recovery rate was 100%. Two hundred and forty-three (26.33%) answered cognitive related questions about asthma completely correctly. Treatment compliance in asthma patients was positively correlated with lung function and significantly negatively correlated with exhaled nitric oxide. Better treatment compliance in asthma has higher level of asthma control and quality of life. Poor compliance in asthma patients will lead to decreased lung function and elevated levels of airway inflammation, resulting in decreased asthma control and quality of life. ConclusionAsthma treatment compliance is related to lung function, airway inflammation, asthma control level and quality of life.