Objective To investigate the apoptosis of photoreceptor cells in experimental model of retinal detachment in mice. Methods Thirty-six adult C57Bl/6J mice were divided into 2 groups: retinal detachment model was set up in the left eyes of 18 mice by subretinal injection with 1.4% sodium hyaluronate in the experimental group, while the left eyes of other 18 mice underwent scleral puncture only as the control. The retinal sections were stained with histochemical and immunofluorescent staining and examined by confocal microscopy 1,3,7 and 28 days after injection. eye enucleated, and retinal sections studied by histochemistry, immunofluorescence labeling, and confocal microscopy. Rods, cones, and apoptotic cells were labeled by antibodies of anti-rod and anti-cone cells, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL), respectively. Photoreceptor cell apoptosis and cell loss were assessed quantitatively by counting both surviving and apoptotic rod and cone cells. Results TUNEL-positive cells were only found in the outer nuclear layer (ONL) of the detached portion of the retina, which were detected at the 1st day after the detachment. The apoptosis of the cells reached the peak at the 3rd day and decreased sharply after 7 days. Photoreceptor cell loss of both rod and cone cells followed a similar time course after retinal detachment. Conclusion Apoptosis is a major pathological degeneration of photoreceptor cell death after retinal detachment. (Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis, 2006, 22: 124-127)
Objective To analyze the onset, clinical manifestation, causation, complications of pediatric uveitis. Methods One hundred and two patients with uveitis under 16 year-old were retrospectively studied. They visited the clinic in Peking University First Hospital from November 1979 to December 2008. Their age ranged from 2.5 to 16 years old, with a mean of 11.9 years. Routine exam was carried out, including visual acuity, slit lamp, fundus, and laboratory workup. The diagnosis and classification were made by the anatomic location according to the standard of The International Uveitis Working Group. The data of disease history, age of onset, manifestation, recurrence, causation, systemic diseases, complications, and lab examination were analyzed.Results A total of 102 patients (170 eyes) with pediatric uveitis were included in this study, 68 patients (66.6%) were bilateral cases. Anterior uveitis represented in 38 patients (37.3%), intermediate uveitis in 19 (18.6%), posterior uveitis in 10 (9.8%), and panuveitis in 35 (34.3%). The disease duration was from five days to 2.4 years, with a mean of 3.6 months. The follow-up time was two weeks to more than ten years. The first three causes of pediatric uveitis were juvenile idiopathic arthritis, Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease, and Behccedil;etprime;s disease. 36 patients were found with complications, and among them 19 had complicated cataract, seven had secondary glaucoma, five had corneal band dystrophy, 12 had iris synechia (both anterior and posterior), one had retinal detachment, two had eye atrophy, and one patient with juvenile idiopathic arthritis had bilateral femoral head necrosis because of the use of steroid and hip joint was replaced. There were ten children suffering more than two complications. Conclusions Pediatric uveitis is a possible blindness disease with variety of etiology and manifestations,and tends to cause complications. Early and special attention must be taken to avoid serious consequences.
Objective To lay a foundation for study of optic narve damage in glaucoma by measuring the number and diameter of the optic nerve fibers and optic disc area in normal individuals. Methods The cross-sections of the optic nerve and the optic discs in 15 normal human eyes were examined with the use of a computerized image analysis system. Results The mean nerve fiber count was 10.08times;105plusmn;1.61times;105. The mean nerve fiber diameter was (0.99plusmn;0.04)mu;m. The nerve fiber count increased significantly with the increasing of cross-section area of the optic nerve, but the nerve fiber count was independent of the optic dise area. Conclusion This study provided anatomic basis for predicting the prognosis of optic nerve damage and further studyv of nerve damage in glaucoma. (Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis,1999,15:16-19)
【摘要】目的评价骨髓间充质干细胞(BMSCs)向肝样细胞诱导的可行性。方法2008年1月2009年1月,以肝细胞生长因子(HGF) 20 ng/mL,成纤维细胞生长因子4(FGF4) 10 ng/mL为诱导剂,从细胞形态变化,并通过RTPCR、免疫组化方法分别对诱导第7、14、21及28天的细胞进行白蛋白(ALB)、甲胎蛋白(AFP)、细胞角蛋白18(CK18)等检测。人L02肝细胞及未诱导的BMSCs分别为阳性和阴性对照结果BMSCs诱导7 d出现类圆形或多角形细胞,并出现铺路石样结构;诱导14 d细胞呈现典型的铺路石状;诱导21 d,同前;诱导28 d,细胞排列紊乱,局部细胞的形态不规则、细胞边界不清。BMSCs诱导第7、14、21天ALB、CK18、AFP等mRNA表达阳性;未诱导BMSCs均为阴性;肝细胞ALB、CK18、AFP等mRNA表达均阳性。免疫细胞化学检测结果同RTPCR。结论以HGF及FGF4为主的诱导体系可有效诱导BMSCs向肝样细胞转化,BMSCs可以作为一种新的肝细胞来源。
Hypertensive retinopathy (HR) often coexist with carotid lesions in hypertensive patients. Carotid lesions are closely associated with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, as well as end events, offering early important evidence to screening high risk patients. HR has significant value to predict target organ damage (TOD) of hypertension including carotid lesion. In addition, hypertensive retinopathy and carotid lesions-related ischemic ocular diseases will cause serious vision function damage. This article is going to summarize the value and correlation between hypertensive retinopathy and carotid lesions in terms of clinical manifestations, pathological physiological mechanism and target organ damage.
The abnormalities of retinal vessels such as retinal arteriolar narrowing, arteriovenous nicking, micro-aneurysms, retinal hemorrhages, and cotton wool spot are closely related to systemic diseases including hypertension, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disorders, stroke and renal diseases. The modern retinal vessels examination technology has features of quick noninvasive, quantitative standardized and intelligent analysis. Taking advantage of these to fully discover the retinal vascular abnormalities and get deeper understanding of the relationship between its' mechanism and systemic vascular diseases is not only helpful to better diagnose and treat retinal vascular diseases, but also contributes to predicting the risk and prognosis of systemic diseases. We suggest emphasizing on the study of correlation between retinal vascular abnormalities and systemic vascular diseases using modern retinal vessels examination technology. It will provide the preventive clue of diseases of circulatory system by finding out the retinopathy. Meanwhile, correctly treating systemic diseases would get a better prognosis of the retinopathy. They exist side by side and play a part together for providing a better prognosis, which would be a new direction for the doctors and scientists in the new era.
Macular edema is an important cause of visual impairment in many eye diseases such as diabetic retinopathy, retinal vein occlusion and uveitis. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) provides high-resolution image of retinal microstructures in a non-contact and rapid manner, which greatly improves the ability of diagnosis and follow-up to macular edema patients. OCT has been widely used in the clinical detection of patients with macular edema. No matter what the cause of macular edema is, it can be observed in OCT images that there are spot-like deposits with strong reflection signals in the retina, which are mostly distributed discretely or partially convergent, and are called hyperreflective foci. At present, the nature or source of hyperreflective foci is not clear, however, may involve the destruction of the blood retina barrier, retinal inflammatory reaction, neurocellular degeneration, and so on. These mechanisms are also the key physiological mechanisms in the development of macular edema. The clinical research on hyperreflective foci provides a new direction for understanding the pathogenesis of macular edema and predicting the prognosis of macular edema. The distribution and quantity characteristics of hyperreflective foci may be an important biological marker to predict the prognosis of macular edema.nosis of macular edema. foci provides a new direction for understanding the pathogenesis of macular edema and predicting the prognosis of macular edema. The distribution and quantity characteristics of HRF may be an important biological marker to predict the prognosis of macular edema.