Objective To understand the advances in animal model and basic research of associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy (ALPPS), and to provide new ideas for basic research and clinical application of ALPPS. Methods The literatures on the basic research and animal models of ALPPS were analyzed and reviewed. Results By March 2018, there were 19 articles related to ALPPS animal models published, including 11 rat model articles, 4 mouse model articles, 2 pig model articles, 1 rabbit model article, and 1 sheep model article. These models of ALPPS were mainly simulated in normal liver background (16 articles), only 2 mouse model of colorectal liver metastasis and 1 rat model of ALPPS under the sclerotic liver background on Chinese article. In cases of rat’s models, portal blood flow deprivation of 20%–90% was finished by portal vein ligation, and the liver was localized and segmented according to the ischemic line and the ligaments of the liver, and the liver partition was mostly sutured and electrocoagulated to stop bleeding. In the above models, remnant liver hyperplasia was observed after surgery. The main causes of hyperplasia were serum cytokines-mediated ［hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and so on］ enhancement of proliferative gene, and secondly preservation of the portal vein lobes to increase blood volume and to accelerate liver proliferation. ConclusionsThe animal model is the main tool to study the safety of ALPPS and liver regeneration, but there are still few studies in the models with liver cirrhosis and liver tumors. The mechanism of liver regeneration after ALPPS is still unclear, and more basic experiments and clinical cases are needed for further study.
A great number of studies have demonstrated functional abnormalities in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), although conflicting results have also been reported. And few studies analyzed homotopic functional connectivity between hemispheres. In this study, resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data were recorded from 45 medication-naïve ADHD children and 26 healthy controls. The regional homogeneity (ReHo), degree centrality (DC) and voxel-mirrored homotopic connectivity (VMHC) values were compared between the two groups to depict the intrinsic brain activities. We found that ADHD children exhibited significantly lower ReHo and DC values in the right middle frontal gyrus and the two values correlated with each other; moreover, lower VMHC values were found in the bilateral occipital lobes of ADHD children, which was negatively related with anxiety scores of Conners' Parent Rating Scale (CPRS-R) and positively related with completed categories of Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST). Our results might suggest that less spontaneous neuronal activities of the right middle frontal gyrus and the bilateral occipital lobes in ADHD children.