The formulation of inclusive criteria is very important for the quality of systematic reviews as well as the reliability of results. However, among the systematic reviews based on randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published in Chinese periodicals, there are differences existing in the definition of inclusive criteria of RCTs, which may lead to the incomplete or inequitable inclusion. In addition, the relatively lower quality of domestic RCTs may also cause the possibility of bias. In this study, sampling analysis is applied to assess the current situation of both the RCTs definition for inclusive criteria of domestic systematic reviews and the types of practically included RCTs, so as to figure out the existing problems.
Objective To evaluate the effect of standardized patient (SP) used in nursing fundamental. Methods Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) or quasi randomized controlled trials (q-RCTs) about comparing standardized patients with traditional teaching method in nursing fundamental were searched from the following electronic databases: PubMed, EMbase, The Cochrane Library, CNKI, CBM, VIP and so on. The methodological quality of the included RCTs was assessed according to the quality assessment scale developed by Smits PB, and the valid data were extracted and meta-analyzed with the Cochrane Collaboration’s RevMan 5.0.17 software. Results Five RCTs and one q-RCT involving 585 participants were included. The results of quality evaluation showed that the scores of five studies were more than or equaled 30. Descriptive analyses were only used because there was clinical heterogeneity between different studies. Comparing with traditional teaching method, SP teaching method in nursing fundamental improved the nursing procedure skills, the communication ability with patients and the ability of clinical judgment for nursing students. Conclusion The standardized patient teaching method is a prospective teaching mode. Because of the lack of RCTs about SP used in nursing fundamental, and the big difference of the teaching method and examine criteria in different studies, it is necessary to be verified in future by unified assessment methods and more researches with high quality.
目的 探讨胰性脑病的可能的发病机制、发病情况及防治措施.方法 计算机检索中文科技期刊全文数据库(1989～2004),收集有关胰性脑病的临床研究,并进行统计分析.结果 共纳入43篇文献,435例患者.胰性脑病在重症急性胰腺炎中的发病率远高于轻症急性胰腺炎;发病年龄趋向中、老年;病死率为43.67%;病因仍以胆系疾病为主;伴发低氧的几率不高于未并发胰性脑病患者.结论 胰性脑病的发生可能是多因素共同作用的结果,仍需进一步探讨其发病机制.血清髓鞘碱性蛋白有望成为有价值的诊断指标.防治以治疗原发病急性胰腺炎为主,重在预防.胰酶抑制剂和早期营养支持有一定预防作用.
Objective We aimed to investigate the attitude and suggestion from doctors, pharmacists and civil servants concerning brain death and organ transplantation and the legislation. Methods A questionnaire with 10 sections and 44 questions was designed and distributed. The effective questionnaire data was then recorded and checked for descriptive analysis. Results In 1 400 questionnaires distributed, 1 063 were responded and 969 of them were valid and analyzed. The respondents showed an incomplete understanding of brain death and organ transplantation laws. Seventy-four percent of the respondents recognized and accepted the standard of brain death. They agreed that legislation should be involved in the removal of organs for transplantation, the future use of the organs, and insurance and compensation for the donor for possible health risks induced by organ removal. Of the 969 respondents, 92% considered it necessary to have legislation in brain death and organ transplantation, and 61% thought that it is time to legislate. Conclusion Legislation for brain death and organ transplantation is urgent and timely in China. The laws must include the respective rights and obligations of patients, close relatives, and medical institutions. Educating the public about brain death and organ transplantation should also be encouraged in a variety of ways.
目的 采用已有的4种国际非孕弥散性血管内凝血（DIC）诊断评分标准对产科DIC的诊断进行评估，探索更适合产科DIC诊断的“金标准”。 方法 选择2009年6月－2012年6月期间产科拟诊DIC的孕产妇为研究对象，用日本卫生福利部（JMHW）提出的JMHW、日本危重病协会（JAAM）提出的JAAM、国际血栓与止血委员会（ISTH）提出的ISTH显性和ISTH非显性4种诊断评分标准联合诊断和构建“金标准”，以此评价4种诊断标准对产科DIC诊断的特性。 结果 受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线分析显示ISTH非显性标准、ISTH显性标准、JMHW、JAAM的ROC曲线下面积分别为0.939、0.865、0.867、0.867，ISTH非显性标准灵敏度和特异度与“金标准”在不同诊断界值时较一致，同时优于其他3种诊断标准。 结论 ISTH非显性标准较适合作为临床产科DIC诊断，其对产科这一特殊发病人群的DIC诊断具有更科学的临床诊断价值。
目的 系统评价标准桃金娘油治疗分泌性中耳炎的疗效及安全性。 方法 电子检索Cochrane图书馆、PubMed、EMBASE、中国期刊全文数据库（CNKI）、维普（VIP）、中国生物医学文献数据库（CBM）六大数据库，检索时间自建库截止至2012年2月。根据Cochrane协作网手册评估纳入随机对照试验（RCT）的方法学质量，采用RevMan 5.0软件对数据进行Meta分析。 结果 共纳入8个RCT，研究结果显示，标准桃金娘油联合常规治疗分泌性中耳炎的总有效率优于单用常规治疗，但差异无统计学意义[RR=1.21，95% CI（0.98，1.50），P=0.08]。 结论 标准桃金娘油治疗分泌性中耳炎有一定疗效，但并不显著。因纳入研究质量较低，上述结论还需高质量、大样本的研究进一步验证。
目的 系统评价标准桃金娘油治疗分泌性中耳炎的疗效及安全性。 方法 电子检索Cochrane图书馆、PubMed、EMBASE、中国期刊全文数据库（CNKI）、维普（VIP）、中国生物医学文献数据库（CBM）六大数据库，检索时间自建库截止至2012年2月。根据Cochrane协作网手册评估纳入随机对照试验（RCT）的方法学质量，采用RevMan 5.0软件对数据进行Meta分析。 结果 共纳入8个RCT，研究结果显示，标准桃金娘油联合常规治疗分泌性中耳炎的总有效率优于单用常规治疗，但差异无统计学意义[RR=1.21，95% CI（0.98，1.50），P=0.08]。 结论 标准桃金娘油治疗分泌性中耳炎有一定疗效，但并不显著。因纳入研究质量较低，上述结论还需高质量、大样本的研究进一步验证。