临床肝移植始于1963年，1983年美国国家健康委员会对肝移植技术的接受和认可，为全球的肝移植发展注入了活力。目前全球有150余个移植中心，并每年以1万余例的速度开展这项手术，总的手术次数已超过8万例次，最长存活达30余年。与西方国家相比，我国肝移植工作起步晚，发展慢，并曾一度停滞了多年，这与当时的经济状况等因素有关。就早年不多的临床肝移植而言，患者多于术后短期内死亡，这与手术技术的不成熟、有效免疫抑制剂的缺乏、术后管理经验不足等有关。可喜的是，随着近20年来与国外合作交流的增加，许多中青年学者学成后回国，为我国肝移植基础与临床工作的第二次发展奠定了基础。我院肝移植开展于90年代初，近3年来发展迅速，目前已完成了102例。自20世纪90年代以来，肝脏移植在临床上已日渐成为终末期肝病的治疗方法之一，随着外科技术和围手术期管理水平的不断提高，以及各种新型免疫抑制剂的不断开发，肝移植的指征也从早期肝肿瘤扩大到良性终末期肝病，并已成功用于治疗暴发性肝功能衰竭患者。目前，肝移植的手术死亡率在5%以下，1年生存率超过80%，5年生存率在75%左右，患者术后生活质量满意。
Objective To introduce the mechanisms of graft injuries after small-for-size liver transplantation and protective measures. Methods Recently relevant literatures were reviewed and summarized. Results Portal hypertension after small-for-size liver transplantation induces mechanical injuries as well as hepatic sinusoidal microcirculation disturbance and cytokines release, which worsened the injuries. Decrease portal pressure by surgery or drug could improve grafts function. ConclusionComprehending the mechanisms of graft injuries will contribute a lot for the living donor liver transplantation.
We have measured the serum levels of total cholic acid (TCA) in 103 samples of obstructive jaundiced patients (OB group) and 83 samples of gallbladder stone patients without jaundice (control group) by enzymeconjugated colorimetric analysis method. The results revealed that TCA level was higher in OB group than in control group (Plt;0. 001) and had postive correlation with total bilirubin, direct bilirubin and alanine aminotransferase in OB group (Plt;0.01 in all). The clinical value of TCA in obstructive jaundice in comparison with alkaline phosphatase is discussed.
Radioimmunoassay was performed to measure carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels in gastric juice before and after operation in 51 gastric cancer patients (group Ⅰ)， 33 patients with gastric benign lesion (group Ⅱ) and 8 patients with malignant lesion in digestive system other than gastric cancer (group Ⅲ). The results showed that preoperative CEA levels of in group Ⅰ were the highest among three groups (Ｐ＜0.01), but no statistic difference was noted in group Ⅱ and group Ⅲ. In group Ⅰ and group Ⅱ, postoperative CEA levels were higer than the preoperative levels. The authors believe that preoperative CEA measurement of gstric juice is an accessory method in diagnosing gastric cancer, nevertheless, there is no diagnostic significence of postoperative measurement in patient undergone partial gastrectomy.