直肠癌是消化道最常见的恶性肿瘤之一,目前外科手术仍然是直肠癌最主要的治疗方法。随着淋巴结廓清范围的扩大,如侧方淋巴结的清扫、全直肠系膜切除术(TME)以及全盆脏器切除术的应用,进展期直肠癌的生存率已有明显改善。但另一方面,大范围的淋巴结清扫及全直肠系膜的完整切除已使许多患者的泌尿及生殖系统功能受到不同程度的影响。患者术后的生活质量是外科医师关注的主要问题,为此,许多外科医生进行了大量的研究工作,既确保根治性,又能最大限度地保留患者的排尿及性功能。近年来国内、外学者通过微创手术、TME结合保留盆腔自主神经(pelvic autonomic nerve preservation,PANP)的直肠癌手术逐渐开展,发现在行直肠癌根治手术时,有效地保留盆腔植物神经并没有明显增加局部复发率及降低5年生存率,取得了很好的效果[1~3]
Objective To study the relationship between autonomic nerve preservation and sexual and urinary functions after total mesorectal excision in patients with cancer of the lower rectum, and to explore improved nursing methods for these patients. Methods Eligible patients with cancer of the lower rectum were non-randomly assigned to either a control group (n=278)or an autonomic nerve-preserving group (n=263). The recovery time of micturition desire, catherization time, lower urinary tract infection rate, residual urine, severity of urinary disorders and sexual disorders were observed. Results The recovery time of micturition desire, catherization time, lower urinary tract infection rate, residual urine, severity of urinary disorders and sexual disorders were lower in the autonomic nerve-preserving group than in the control group. (Plt;0.05) . Conclusion Autonomic nerve preservation radical resection leads to better maintenance of urinary and sexual functions for patients with cancer of the lower rectum. Nursing should be focused on the prevention of urinary tract complications and the rehabilitation of sexual and urinary functions.