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不同杂交方式治疗累及弓部的主动脉夹层

目的　探讨不宜单独行腔内隔绝治疗、累及弓部的主动脉夹层杂交手术治疗方法及其疗效。　方法　回顾性分析2008年11月至2011年8月成都军区总医院15例累及弓部的主动脉夹层患者行杂交手术治疗的临床资料，其中男10例，女5例；年龄51～72 （58.2±7.2）岁。Stanford A型主动脉夹层4例，B型主动脉夹层11例，病变均累及主动脉弓。采用胸骨正中切口或加颈部切口行升主动脉至头臂动脉旁路移植、单纯颈部切口行头臂动脉间旁路移植，然后行股动脉切口逆行主动脉腔内覆膜支架植入。术后即刻行数字减影血管造影（DSA），术后3个月、术后1年和2年分别随访CT造影资料，观察支架和人工血管通畅情况。　结果　所有患者均成功完成手术，并植入覆膜支架。术中血管造影证实支架植入定位准确，支架无明显内漏和移位。主动脉夹层真腔血流恢复正常，旁路血管血流通畅，围术期无死亡和严重并发症发生。随访15例，随访时间3～20 （12.0±4.1）个月，所有患者均生存，恢复正常生活。术后3个月及术后1年、2年复查主动脉增强CT示：支架无移位和内漏，支架内及人工血管旁路血流通畅，未见脑部和肢体缺血征象。　结论　累及弓部的主动脉夹层可根据受累部位和程度采用不同的杂交手术方法，安全、有效，能明显减轻患者的创伤和痛苦，该方法扩大了介入覆膜支架腔内治疗的适应证，但远期疗效有待进一步观察。

Diaphragm Plication for the Treatment of Diaphragmatic Paralysis in Infants after Surgical Correction for Congenital Heart Diseases

ObjectiveTo evaluate clinical outcomes of diaphragm plication for the treatment of diaphragmatic paralysis (DP) in infants after surgical correction for congenital heart diseases. MethodsClinical data of 13 infants who had DP after surgical correction for congenital heart diseases from December 2009 to December 2012 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 5 male and 8 female patients with their age of 35 days-11 months (6.6±3.2 months) and body weight of 3.5-9.6 (6.2±1.8) kg. Diaphragm plication was performed 19.08±4.29 days after open heart surgery. All the patients were not able to wean from mechanical ventilation,or were repeatedly reintubated because of severe respiratory failure after extubation. All the 13 patients received diaphragm plication for singleor double-sided DP. ResultsTwo patients had ventilator associated pneumonia (15.4%) including 1 patient with positive sputum cultures for Acinetobacter baumannii but negative blood culture. Another patient who had double-sided DP after surgical correction for tetralogy of Fallot with pulmonary atresia underwent double-sided diaphragm plication and later died of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome,whose sputum and blood cultures were both positive for Pseudomonas aeruginosa on the 11th day after double-sided diaphragm plication. Chest X-ray of all the patients showed plicated diaphragm in normal position after diaphragm plication. The average time from diaphragm plication to extubation was 5.38±3.09 days. After diaphragm plication,arterial partial pressures of oxygen (PaO2) significantly increased (90.22±8.47 mm Hg vs. 80.69±6.72 mm Hg,P<0.05) and arterial partial pressures of carbon dioxide (PaCO2) significantly decreased (39.87±6.31 mm Hg vs. 56.38±7.19 mm Hg,P<0.05). Twelve patients were followed up for 24 months after discharge. During follow-up,1 patient who received double-sided diaphragm plication had 2 episodes of pneumonia within 6 months after discharge. Respiratory function of all the other patients was normal. All the patients were in NYHA class Ⅰ-Ⅱ. ConclusionDiaphragm plication is a safe,easy and effective treatment to increase survival rate and decrease the incidence of hospital-acquired infection for infants who have DP and are unable to wean from mechanical ventilation after surgical correction for congenital heart diseases.

二尖瓣置换同期行双极射频消融术治疗风湿性二尖瓣病变合并心房颤动的疗效分析

目的分析二尖瓣置换同期行双极射频消融术治疗风湿性二尖瓣病变合并心房颤动的临床效果。 方法2009年6月至2012年6月成都军区总医院共收治风湿性二尖瓣病变合并心房颤动患者200例，其中男80例、女120例，年龄37～63（48.3±11.0）岁。根据是否同期行双极射频消融术将患者分为两组，试验组（n=100）患者瓣膜置换术同期行双极射频消融术，对照组（n=100）单纯行瓣膜置换术。 结果试验组体外循环时间和主动脉阻断时间较对照组均显著延长［（64.6±12.7）min vs.（60.8±10.8）min，P=0.024；（55.3±12.1）min vs.（49.8±10.5）min，P=0.001］，住院费用显著增加［（11.2±3.5）万元vs.（9.8±2.2）万元，P=0.001］，死亡率差异无统计学意义（2% vs.1%，P=0.561）。试验组在术毕、术后１年时的心房颤动转复率均显著高于对照组（82.0% vs.27.0%，72.9% vs.9.6%，P<0.05）。 结论二尖瓣置换同期行双极射频消融术治疗风湿性二尖瓣病变合并心房颤动患者是安全、有效的。

血嗜酸性粒细胞在慢性阻塞性肺疾病的临床研究进展