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浅谈少数民族地区医院管理

改革开放以来，在党的领导与关怀下，少数民族地区的医疗卫生水平得到了明显的提高。为了使民族地区的医疗卫生事业得到更进一步的改善，着重从医院管理角度入手，提出了“以学为先抓班子，以人为本抓队伍，以德为首抓质量，以严当头抓管理，以建为重抓基础”的医院管理模式，以提高民族地区群众的健康水平。

Epidemiological investigation of ocular fundus diseases in Tibetan above 40 in Maqin county, Qinghai Province

Objective To investigate the morbidity of ocular fundus diseases in Tibetan above 40 in Maqin county, Qinghai Province. Methods A total of 2511 Tibetan above 40 in Maqin county, Qinghai Province were seelected by cluster sampling method. The sampling survey of ocular fundus diseases was performed on the individuals with indirect ophthalmoscope, and the results were compared with the domestic existing epidemiological data. Results Two hundred and thirty five (9.35%) cases were found to have abnormal ocular fundus, and the blindness rate due to the abnormal ocular fundus was 20.5% (80/391 eyes) which was lower than the blindness rate due to cataract (52.5%). Low vision and blindness led by ocular fundus diseases were found in 155 eyes (65.96%)，including 74(47.74%) with age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and 23 (9.79%) with retinoangiopathy. Conclusions The morbidity of ocular fundus disorder is higher in high plateau than that in backland; AMD and retinoangiopathy are the main diseases leading to blindness. (Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis, 2006, 22: 321-323)

Gastroscope Observation of 3661 Cases about Special Diet in Ethnic Minority Areas

摘要:目的: 研究分析特殊饮食结构和生活习惯人群发生上消化道疾病的病种及发生率。 方法 :对1998年11月至2008年11月我院经胃镜检查的3661例患者进行统计,并参考饮食结构和生活习惯进行分析。 结果 :汉族调查2343例,彝族调查1318例:汉族患病率胃溃疡1626%、十二指肠溃疡858%、复合性溃疡098%、糜烂出血性胃炎1434%、胃癌、食道癌089%;彝族患病率胃溃疡2527%、十二指肠溃疡1282%、复合性溃疡25%、糜烂出血性胃炎1988%、胃癌、食道癌152%。 结论 :少数民族地区特殊饮食人群上消化道疾病发病率及胃、十二指肠溃疡的发生率和癌变比率明显增高。Abstract: Objective: To study the structure of the special diet and the lifestyle of people who occurred the upper digestive tract diseases and disease incidence. Methods : From 199811 t0 200811,3661 cases in our hospital carryed out statistics and analysis with reference to diet and lifestyle. Results : Han people with 2343 cases, Yi people with 1318 cases, in Han people, the rate of ulcer was 1626%,858% of duodenal ulcer,098% of compound ulcer,1434% of erosive hemorrhage gastritis,089% of stomach and esophagus; in Yi people,2527% of gastric ulcer,1282% of duodenal ulcer,25% of compound ulcer,1988% of erosive gastritis hemorrhage,152% of stomach and esophageal cancer. Conclusion : The upper digestive tract diseases, the incidence of stomach, duodenal ulcer and cancer incidence rate increased significantly in special diet groups in ethnic minority areas.

A Survey on the Status Quo of Emergency Resources of Township Hospitals in A County of Minority Region

ObjectiveTo investigate the status quo of emergency resources in all township hospitals in a county of Aba Autonomous Region. MethodWe set up a uniform electronic version questionnaire between April 15th and 18th, 2015. The leaders of township hospitals filled in their information and uploaded the data including emergency medical services, human resources, medical device and technology application situation. Then, the data were statistically analyzed. ResultsFor these township hospitals, the service population was 2 206.05±846.95, the service radius was (25.5±14.3) km. The number of registered doctors per 1 000 people of resident population was 1.52, the number of registered nurses per 1 000 people of resident population was 0.47, and the number of hospital beds per 1 000 people of resident population was 1.69. The staff in all township hospitals included 74 doctors and 23 nurses. The constitution of positional titles and academic qualifications of doctors and nurses in these township hospitals was not significantly different (P>0.05). All township hospitals had a total of six ambulances, one of which was ambulance for rescue and monitoring, and the others were ordinary ambulances. The devices equipped in the ambulances and hospitals were not sufficient, and most doctors and nurses could only perform surrounding vein puncture, and debridement and suture surgery. They could not recue critically ill patients alone. ConclusionsFor these township hospitals, the service radius is too long, the number of doctors and nurses is too small, and the ability of service is insufficient. In order to meet the demand of emergency resources in ethnic areas as far as possible, we should increase investment and promote medical devices, increase the number of doctors and nurses, improve the personnel structure, and strengthen professional training.

云南省玉龙县汉族和纳西族2型糖尿病患者糖尿病视网膜病变影响因素分析

高原人群糖化血红蛋白的研究进展

在多项血糖监测的指标中，糖化血红蛋白（hemoglobin A1c，HbA1c）目前是在评价血糖管理、治疗方案有效性及防控糖尿病并发症中运用最广泛且最重要的指标。然而高原低氧、低气压及民族等因素对 HbA1c 水平影响的结论仍存在争议，该文就高原环境及民族差异对 HbA1c 的具体影响及可能的机制进行了综述。

Echocardiographic characteristics of aortic valve disease in different ethnic groups in Xinjiang

ObjectiveTo explore the echocardiography characteristics of aortic valve disease (AVD) among different ethnic groups in Xinjiang.MethodsThe data of a large sample (n=130 358) of different ethnic groups in Xinjiang based on the results of echocardiography were analyzed between January 2011 and December 2016, and the echocardiography characteristics of AVD among the Han nationality and different ethnic minorities in Xinjiang were summarized.ResultsThe study recruited 130 358 patients, involving Han nationality (58.49%) and 33 ethnic minorities. The ethnic minorities included the Uygur (27.42%), Kazak (7.47%), Hui nationality (3.48%) and other minorities (3.13%). Apart from Uygur, Kazak and Hui nationality, no description was given due to the small sample sizes of other minorities (3.13%). In the total study population, the prevalence of aortic valve stenosis (AS) was 0.44%, and the prevalence of severe AS was 0.10%; the prevalence of aortic valve regurgitation (AR) was 0.37%, and the prevalence of severe AR was 0.02%; the prevalence of aortic valve calcification (AVC) was 6.51%, and the highest AVC prevalence existed in ≥75 years old age group (24.45%); the prevalence of bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) was 0.54%, and the highest BAV prevalence existed in 18-44 years old age group (0.86%). Among different ethnic groups, the Uygur had the highest prevalence in terms of AS (0.60%), AR (0.63%) and BAV (0.88%), while the Han had the lowest prevalence in terms of AS (0.37%) and AR (0.24%), but the highest AVC prevalence existed in the Han nationality (7.83%). The etiology of AVD showed that the degenerative valve changes was the main cause of AS with the largest proportion of 61.97%. While the aorta root diseases (35.97%) and BAV (22.87%) were the main etiology of AR.ConclusionsIn Xinjiang the overall prevalence of AVD is low. In the elderly population, the Uygur, Kazak and Hui nationality have the higher AS prevalence than the Han nationality does. Different ethnic groups have different AVD characteristics based on the echocardiography. In the Uygur group, AVD presents the younger age of onset; the prevalence of BAV is the highest in the Uygur population, while the lowest in the Hui nationality.