目的 探讨假丝酵母菌引起泌尿道医院感染的特点,提出相应的护理干预对策,为医院泌尿道感染的预防控制提供依据。 方法 2011年6月1日-2013年3月31日,在住院患者中开展泌尿道假丝酵母菌的目标监测,分析感染的现状及相关的危险因素,并于2012年12月1日起,采取针对性的护理干预措施,并评估干预效果。 结果 共发现假丝酵母菌引起的泌尿道感染56例,占总泌尿道感染的40.29%。通过采取护理干预措施,使假丝酵母菌引起的泌尿道感染从3.17例/月降为0.50例/月(P<0.05)。 结论 采取相应有效的护理干预措施,对减少假丝酵母菌泌尿道医院感染,保障医疗安全,具有重要的意义。
ObjectiveTo investigate the incidence of nosocomial infection and device-related infection in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU), analyze its related risk factors, and search for effective measures to prevent and control nosocomial infection. MethodsBy prospective objective monitoring method, we surveyed 294 patients hospitalized in the ICU for at least 48 hours between January and December 2012. The doctor in charge filled in relevant information of the patients to complete the questionnaires, and hospital infection management staff was responsible for tracking, judging, and statistical analysis. ResultsIn the 294 patients, 61 had hospital infections, and there were 78 cases. The hospital infection rate was 20.75%, and the case infection rate was 26.53%. The day incidence of patient infection was 16.01‰, and day infection rate was 20.47‰ for infection cases. After average severity of illness score adjustment, the day case infection rate was 7.48%, ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP) infection rate was 27.27‰, central venous catheter associated bloodstream infection rate was 6.58‰, and catheter associated urinary tract infection rate was 3.15‰. ConclusionICU has a high risk of hospital infection. In the device related infections, VAP infection rate is the highest. Continuous improvement can be achieved through monitoring and discovering problems, strengthening hospital infection management training for the medical personnel of the hospital, close communication between doctors and hospital infection management staff, and strict implementation of hospital infection management measures.
ObjectivesTo systematically review the efficacy and safety of oral drugs for treating women with uncomplicated lower urinary tract infection.MethodsPubMed, The Cochrane Library, EMbase, CBM, WanFang Data, CNKI and VIP databases were electronically searched to collect randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of oral drugs for treating females with uncomplicated lower urinary tract infection from inception to November, 2018. Two reviewers independently screened literature, extracted data and assessed risk of bias of included studies, then, network meta-analysis was performed by using " gemtc” packages in R 3.5.1 software.ResultsA total of 38 RCTs were included. The results of network meta-analysis showed that: quinolones (RR=1.24, 95%CI 1.11 to 1.37), furantoin (RR=1.21, 95%CI 1.06 to 1.37), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMZ) (RR=1.20, 95%CI 1.06 to 1.35), fosfomycin (RR=1.17, 95%CI 1.04 to 1.31) and penicillin (RR=1.18, 95%CI 1.05 to 1.33) were superior to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) in clinical cure. Quinolones were better than fosfomycin (RR=1.07, 95%CI 1.03 to 1.12), penicillin (RR=1.18, 95%CI 1.13 to 1.23) and cephalosporin (RR=1.13, 95%CI 1.08 to 1.19); furantoin was better than penicillin (RR=1.15, 95%CI 1.08 to 1.21) and cephalosporin (RR=1.10, 95%CI 1.04 to 1.17); TMP-SMZ was better than penicillin (RR=1.15, 95%CI 1.09 to 1.21) and cephalosporin (RR=1.11, 95%CI 1.04 to 1.16); fosfomycin was better than penicillin (RR=1.10, 95%CI 1.04 to 1.16) in bacteriological cure. The adverse effect rates of quinolones were lower than furantoin (RR=0.83, 95%CI 0.70 to 0.98), TMP-SMZ (RR=0.88, 95%CI 0.78 to 0.99) and fosfomycin (RR=0.74, 95%CI 0.59 to 0.93), and which of fosfomycin was higher than penicillin (RR=1.33, 95%CI 1.01 to 1.74) and NSAIDS (RR=1.46, 95%CI 1.11 to 1.92). All differences were statistically significant.ConclusionsCurrent evidence shows that uncomplicated lower urinary tract infection should be recommended to therapy containing quinolones. Due to limited quality and quantity of included studies, more high-quality studies are required to verify the above conclusion.