Objective To observe the effects of vitrectomy for persistent fetal vasculature (PFV).Methods The clinical data of 11 patients (14 eyes) with PFV, including posterior PFV (one eye) and combined PFV (13 eyes), were retrospectively analyzed. Vitrectomy was performed for all patients, lensectomy was performed for seven eyes, retinotomy was performed for five eyes, retinotomy and scleral buckling was performed for one eye. Intraoperative and postoperative complications were observed. The followup period ranged from eight to 74 months, with the mean of 44 months. The visual acuity （VA） and intraocular pressure before and after surgery were comparatively analyzed.Results There were no intraoperative complications in all the patients. The surgery was performed successfully in 12 eyes （86.0%） and failed in two eyes （14.0%）. The postoperative VA of five eyes (35.7%) increased, four eyes （28.6%） didnprime;t change and five eyes （35.7%） decreased. The postoperative intraocular pressure of two eyes （14.3%） increased,11 eyes （78.6%） didnprime;t change and one eye （7.1%） decreased. There was one eye with persistent hypotension and one eye with recurrent retinal detachment after surgery.Conclusion Vitrectomy can prevent complications and improve visual acuity in some PFV patients.