ObjectiveTo explore the imaging manifestations of posttransplantation lymphoproliferative disease (PTLD) for making a further understanding of this disease and its imaging diagnosis. MethodsBy the method of litera-ture review, the imaging manifestations of PTLD in the abdomen, thorax, head and neck, and central nervous system were summarized, respectively, and also the epidemiologic features, pathogenesis and pathologic classification were reviewed. ResultsPTLD is a spectrum of lymphoproliferative diseases following transplantation mainly caused by Epstein-Barr virus and immunosuppressive therapy with different pathologic types.Lesions at imaging examinations may be the first clue to diagnose, and the appearance of PTLD at imaging can vary depending on the region. ConclusionImproving the cognition of PTLD and the imaging features plays a pivotal role in identifying the presence of disease, guiding tissue sampling, and evaluating response to treatment.