Objective Based on the acquirable and optimized evidences at present, to explore the challenge and countermeasures for the development of nursing discipline in China, and to provide suggestions for promoting the construction of nursing discipline, platform, and talent team. Methods The study materials were searched in the following electronic databases including PubMed, EMbase, Web of Science, CNKI, VIP and CBM, as well as in the official websites of World Health Organization (WHO), International Council of Nurses (ICN), World Bank, the Ministry of Health (MOH) and the Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, and the domestic universities, colleges or technical secondary schools. Then the statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS 13.0 and Microsoft Excel software. Results a) By 2012, there were 855 nursing schools, 38 212 nursing undergraduates enrolled in universities, and 130 837 nursing students enrolled in junior colleges and senior vocational schools; b) The doctor-to-nurse ratio was 1 to 0.9 in 2010. The actual demand for doctors was 2.6 million, and there were still lack of 346 000 nurses; c) The age of nurses younger than 35 years old accounted for 50%. Those with primary professional title accounted for 64% to 69%, while less than 2.5% with advanced professional title; d) The training cost for a doctor and nurse/midwife in China only accounted for 2/5 of that in India and 1/5 to 1/4 in the sub-Sahara Africa; and e) To date, only 30.1% of disaster nursing studies in China provided research data, 30.6% were clinical experience and 38.3% were review. Conclusion Education and health systems need to be extensively reformed. It is necessary to train nursing students with core competencies using transformative learning. It is necessary to update textbooks and teaching methods, and funding should be appropriately increased. Nursing should cooperate with other disciplines, and apply evidence-based nursing methods to improve the quality of healthcare services and patient satisfaction.
Objective To analyze the injury characteristics and the rescue process and effects for the victims admitted in the People’s Hospital of Deyang City within 72 hours after 4.20 Lushan earthquake, so as to discuss how to adopt the emergency program to implement medical rescue in disaster relief. Methods The data of 25 earthquake victims admitted in the hospital from April 20th, 2013 to April 23rd, 2013 were collected to analyze age, gender, the location of injury, the injury state of different age groups, and the prognosis of victims. Results Of the 25 victims with injuries on 32 locations of the body, there were 20 cases with single injury (80.00%) and 5 cases with multiple injuries (20.00%). Most injuries were seen in four limbs, body surface, and soft tissues; and the incidence of single injury was higher than that of multiple injuries. The number of admitted victims was largest on the first day after earthquake, accounted for 92.00%, which was obviously higher than that on the second and the third day. Victims aged from 19 to 45 years old was more than those of other ages. Conclusion Scientific emergency command system and disaster emergency program play an high-efficient command role in disaster rescue, shorten the time of emergency response, and improve the ability of disaster rescue. The comprehensive capacity of self-rescue and well-organized rescue for disaster area can be improved as long as the general public is educated about the disaster emergency program and cooperative emergency drill. Meanwhile, smooth traffic and unobstructed communication are guaranteed in the disaster area, and the cooperative efforts are made by all walks of society.
目的:了解参与“5?12”四川大地震救援医护人员的应急减灾与备灾现状,为促进备灾教育和备灾行为提供参考依据。方法： 用自行设计的调查表,对参加四川大地震医疗救援的223名医护人员及其所在医疗机构的应急减灾与备灾情况等进行调查。结果: 本调查中的全体医护人员所在医疗机构地震发生时均采取了积极的应急减灾处理,成功地履行了医护人员救死扶伤的神圣使命。经历大地震后,95.1%～83.9%医护人员所在医疗机构对急救减灾对策、物资应急供应装备与后勤保障方面的备灾措施进行了加强与完善,但信息畅通的保障与备灾行动的落实方面尚存在不足;85.7%～64.6%医护人员所在医疗机构建立或完善了相关备灾规章制度与指南。结论： 经历“5?12”大地震后,医疗机构在应急救治能力的储备、救援人员的反应力与意识、信息畅通、物资供应保障等方面具有了一定的备灾基础,同时也提示了对于促进备灾教育和备灾行动的落实以及进一步完善相关制度/手册的必要性和迫切性。
目的:信息系统的改进应用是为确保急诊科预检分诊处将来能使医院对自然灾害事件的伤员救治时以最便捷、最快速的方式录入自然灾害事件伤员的信息资料和快速评估伤情，优先准确的将伤员按病情和就诊区域分类，以便畅通及时救治伤员；在治疗中和日后便于识别、查找、统计灾害事件伤员。方法:LIS（检验系统）+ RIS（影像系统）+ HIS（无纸化办公系统）三合一系统和增加自然灾害伤员的“录入信息资料”眉栏。结果:进一步改进信息网络应用系统后，能满足一般患者信息资料录入和自然灾害事件应急状况下的患者资料录入，实现电子病历和电子处方等信息网络系统，达到院内、科内资源共享。
Objective To provide references for fast assessment after disasters in China by assessing articles on fast assessment of health needs after disasters. Methods We systematically searched CNKI, VIP, CBM, and PubMed from their establishments to Jan. 2011. The main results of the eligible articles were described. Results A total of 65 articles were included, of which introductions for methodology and cross-sectional studies accounted for 52.31% and 44.62%, respectively. Articles which focused on natural disasters made up 86.15% of the total. Post-disaster rapid assessment should include seismic death estimate and on-site public health assessment which contained the public health status in affected areas, health coping capacity, health condition of victims and health needs. Rapid assessment of seismic death mainly used methods based on GIS and ANN model. On-site public health assessment mainly used epidemiological field investigation. Questionnaires, interviews and surveillance of diseases were adopted. Conclusion Rapid post-disaster health needs assessment is one of the most important tasks after disasters, and the current rapid assessment methods need to be refined and improved.
Energy interruption and infrastructure damage are the common characteristic between the snow disaster occurred in some southern provinces of China and the 5?12 Wenchuan earthquake in China in 2008. This paper summaries the effects on medical and health institutions caused by interruption of energy flow and damaged infrastructure, shares the preparation and response practices, experience, and lessons of medical disasters, and gives suggestions about how to prepare and response for medical and health institutions when energy flow is interrupted and infrastructure is damaged.
Objective To investigate the mental status of medical staffs in the orthopedics department during the earthquake, providing evidence for psychological intervention. Methods Choosing 104 staffs in the orthopedics department as eligible subject with convenient sampling; the research tool was Symptom Checklist-90. The questionnaire was done by the participants with the same instruction from psychological professionals; analyze the results. Results The score in somatization, anxiety and phobic anxiety of staffs in the orthopedics department was significantly higher than the national norm. Conclusion There exists disorder in mental health of medical staffs in orthopedics department, it is necessary to implement mental intervention.
Objective To provide evidence for the construction of a hospital emergency mechanism for internal supervision, based on and analysis of demands and the identification of effective measures. Methods The concepts of evidence-based health care and management methods were applied. Through the systematic collection of relevant information from CNKI and other sources, and in the light of empirical evidence following the Wenchuan earthquake, suggestions were presented. Results We identified 182 studies. The hospital emergency mechanism for internal supervision is very important in dealing with unexpected incidents. The implementation, funding and material support are the focus of supervision. Cooperation, discipline, and standardized procedures are the key to an effective mechanism. Conclusions It is suggested that the construction of a hospital emergency mechanism for internal supervision should involve prevention, response and recovery.
Objective To provide reference for hospital emergency preparedness for disasters in China by summarizing the main results from articles involving hospital emergency readiness. Method We systematically searched MEDLINE (1950 to June 2008), CNKI (1980 to June 2008) and some websites. The main results of the eligible articles are described. Results A total of 85 articles were included, of which expert articles and surveys accounted for 44% and 29%, respectively. An emergency hospital plan should address the following 4 phases of disaster management: mitigation, preparation, response, and recovery. The following factors should be considered when developing hospital emergency plans: surge capacity, disaster planning, collaboration, training, drill, personnel, equipment, triage, diagnosis, treatment, decontamination, funding, individual security, logistic, psychological support, etc. Questionnaires, checklists or specific tools could be applied to evaluate such emergency plans. Conclusion Hospital emergency preparedness is essential for effective disaster relief. Hospitals should develop emergency plans for a variety of disasters, based on their local situations.