Objective To measure the choroidal thickness (CT) in myopic Chinese population and to analyze the correlation factors. Methods One hundred and thirty-four myopia patients (268 eyes) were recruited in this study, including 88 males and 46 females. Ages were from 18 to 38 years, with a mean of (21.5±4.3) years. The spherical equivalent power was -13.13 to -0.50 D, with a mean of (-5.17±2.15) D. The choroid thickness (CT) in macular region was measured by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. The CT values at subfoveal (SFCT), 1 mm temporal (T1 mm), nasal (N1 mm), superior (S1 mm) and inferior (I1 mm) to the fovea and 3 mm temporal (T3 mm), nasal (T3 mm), superior (S3 mm) and inferior (I3 mm) to the fovea were recorded respectively. The correlation between SFCT and age, uncorrected vision (VAsc), best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), equivalent power, corneal curvature, central corneal thickness and axial length were analyzed. Vision results were converted into logarithm of minimal angle resolution (1ogMAR) so as to analyze statistically. Results The mean SFCT were （230.4±70.2） μm in this study. The SFCT was statistically different from the CT at S1 mm, I1 mm, T1 mm, N1 mm, S3 mm, T3 mm, N3 mm（t=4.279, 2.256, -7.498, 19.020, 7.286, -5.752, 37.921; P＜0.05） respectively, except the CT at I3 mm（t=0.695, P＞0.05）. There was a positive correlation between SFCT and equivalent power （r=0.251, P＜0.05）, corneal curvature （r=0.194, P＜0.05）. The SFCT was negatively correlated with 1ogMAR VAsc （r=-0.279, P＜0.05） and axial length （r=-0.367,P＜0v05）. No correlation was found between SFCT and age, 1ogMAR BCVA and central corneal thickness（r=-0.047, -0.091, -0.068; P＞0.05). Conclusions The SFCT in Chinese myopic subjects is （230.4±70.2） μm. SFCT is correlated with VAsc, equivalent power, corneal curvature and axial length. The axial length is the key factor affecting SFCT.
ObjectiveTo analyze the clinicopathologic features and prognosis of breast cancer patients with low human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) expression. MethodsThe breast cancer patients underwent initially surgical resection in the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University from October 2015 to October 2017 and met the criterion of this study were retrospectively gathered. Based on the immunohistochemical / in situ hybridization detection results, the patients were divided into three subtypes of HER2 zero, low, and positive expressions, and the differences in the clinicopathologic characteristics, overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) of the three subtypes of breast cancer patients were compared. At the same time, the risk factors affecting the OS and DFS of breast cancer patients with low HER2 expression were analyzed. ResultsA total of 315 eligible patients were gathered in this study, including 68 patients with HER2 zero expression, 121 patients with low HER2 expression, and 126 patients with positive HER2 expression. There were no statistic differences in the menstrual status, T stage, and histological classification between the breast cancer patients with low HER2 and positive HER2 expressions (P>0.05), but the proportions of the patients with lymph node metastasis, histological grade Ⅲ, negative hormone receptor (HR) and high Ki67 expression in the low HER2 expression patients were lower than those in the positive HER2 expression patients. And compared with HER2 zero expression breast cancer patients, the proportions of premenopausal / perimenopausal, T2–4, N1–3, histological grade Ⅱ, ductal carcinoma, negative HR, and low Ki67 expression patients in the breast cancer patients with low HER2 expression were higher (P<0.05). While the survival curves of OS and DFS by Kaplan-Meier method had no statistic differences among the three subtypes of the breast cancer patients (χ2=0.070, P=0.966; χ2=0.362, P=0.835). The multivariate analysis results by Cox proportional hazards regression found that the low HER2 expression breast cancer patients with histological grade Ⅲ and negative HR had the higher risks of OS and DFS shortening (P<0.05). In addition, the risk of DFS shortening in the patients with T stage 2–4 and N stage 1–3 was increased (P<0.05). ConclusionsFrom the results of this study, breast cancer patients with low HER2 expression is different from the other two subtypes of breast cancer in terms of clinicopathologic characteristics. However, there are no statistical significances in comparing the OS and DFS of three types of breast cancer patients, but it is found that histological grading and HR are related to the OS and DFS of breast cancer patients with low HER2 expression, and it is also found that T stage and N stage are related to the DFS of breast cancer patients with low HER2 expression, so more attentions should be paid to the treatment plans.
ObjectiveTo understand the single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and its research progress in the tumor microenvironment (TME) of breast cancer, in order to provide new ideas and directions for the research and treatment of breast cancer. MethodThe development of scRNA-seq technology and its related research literature in breast cancer TME at home and abroad in recent years was reviewed. ResultsThe scRNA-seq was a quantum technology in high-throughput sequencing of mRNA at the cellular level, and had become a powerful tool for studying cellular heterogeneity when tissue samples were fewer. While capturing rare cell types, it was expected to accurately describe the complex structure of the TME of breast cancer. ConclusionsAfter decades of development, scRNA-seq has been widely used in tumor research. Breast cancer is a malignant tumor with high heterogeneity. The application of scRNA-seq in breast cancer research can better understand its tumor heterogeneity and TME, and then promote development of personalized diagnosis and treatment.