Objective To explore the role of activated macrophage in the repair of traumatic optic nerve injury in an animal model of incomplete traumatic optic nerve injury with lens damage.Methods One hundred and twelve healthy New Zealand big ear white rabbits were divided into two groups (experimental and control groups) randomly. According to the different time points (one, four, seven, ten, 14, 21 and 28 days), each group was further divided into seven subgroups, each subgroup had eight rabbits. Traumatic optic neuropathy and lens damage were induced in one eye of each rabbit by fluid percussion brain injury device (FPI); those eyes were the experimental group. The eyes of control group only had traumatic optic neuropathy. The functional and morphological changes of retina and optic nerve were evaluated by histopathology and flashvisual evoked potential (FVEP).Results FVEP P100 latency was (42.74plusmn; 5.83) ms, P100 amplitude was (7.98 plusmn; 2.15) mu;V before optic nerve injury was induced. One day after the injury, the P100latency increased and the P100amplitude reduced significantly. The P100 latency reached the longest at ten days after injury, and then recovered gradually. The P100 amplitude reached the lowest at seven days after injury, and then recovered gradually. The histopathological examination showed activated macrophages were not detected in the retina and optic nerve at day one after the injury, then they increased gradually and reached their peak (91.25plusmn;6.91) at day ten, and decreased after that, the difference was statistically significant (F=21.277, P=0.000); retinal ganglion cell axon regeneration began at day seven after the injury with an average of (6.38plusmn;1.85). The axons increased gradually and reached their peak (49.63plusmn;2.50) at day 28, and the changes were significant (F=7.711, P=0.000). Conclusions Incomplete optic nerve injury can recover gradually if there is lens damage at the same time. Activated macrophage may play an important role in this recovery process.
方法 2008年9月-2009年11月，将20例颅脑外伤后颅内感染患者分为脑脊液外引流组和抗生素组各10例，外引流组进行持续腰池置管脑脊液外引流，定期取引流脑脊液进行常规和生化检查；抗生素组采用静脉抗生素治疗。对两组颅内感染情况进行对比分析。 结果 外引流组经持续腰池置管脑脊液外引流治疗后，颅内感染临床症状明显缓解，脑脊液有核细胞数和脑脊液微量蛋白含量显著降低、脑脊液葡萄糖和氯化物浓度升高（Plt;0.05）。治疗10 d后，外引流组体温、脑脊液有核细胞数、脑脊液微量蛋白含量、脑脊液葡萄糖和氯化物浓度的改善程度明显优于抗生素组（Plt;0.05）。 结论 持续腰池置管脑脊液外引流治疗颅内感染具有安全性高、操作简便、观察颅内感染情况方便的优点，可作为颅内感染可靠治疗手段。【Abstract】 Objective To observe the efficacy of continuous lumbar drainage of cerebrospinal fluid via a lumbar catheter in treating intracranial infection. Methods From September 2008 to November 2009, 20 patients with intracranial infection after head trauma were enrolled in this study. Ten of them, classified as the external drainage group, sustained continuous external lumbar drainage of cerebrospinal fluid. The cerebrospinal fluid was obtained regularly for routine and biochemical examination. The other 10 patients were categorized as the antibiotics group. They only accepted intravenous antibiotic therapy. Results For the patients in the external drainage goup, after continuous external lumbar drainage of cerebrospinal fluid, their clinical symptoms of intracranial infection were significantly alleviated and the number of nucleated cells and protein content in the cerebrospinal fluid decreased significantly, while the glucose and chloride concentrations increased significantly (Plt;0.05). After 10 days of treatment, the patients in the external drainage group were superior to those in the antibiotics group in improvement of the body temperature, the number of nucleated cells and protein content, glucose and chloride concentrations in the cerebrospinal fluid (Plt;0.05). Conclusion Continuous lumbar drainage of cerebrospinal fluid is simple and safe. It provides an easy way of monitoring the intracranial infection and can be a reliable treatment.
Objective To observe and describe anatomical types of the pulmonary arteries to keep safety of lung resection. Methods Between November 25, 2005 and January 22, 2013, 194 patients who underwent right upper lobectomy/sleeve lobectomy or combined lung resection including right upper lobectomy were included in Peking University Cancer Hospital. There were 128 males with a median age of 59 (37-86) years and 66 females with a median age of 60 (42-77) years. We separated the pulmonary arteries and recorded the number and positions of them. Some patients were recorded photographically. Results There were 10 types of right upper lobe pulmonary artery branches in this study. Type 1: 1 apicoanterior segmental artery, 1 ascending segmental artery, 96 patients (49.5%); Type 2: 1 apicoanterior segmental artery, 2 ascending segmental arteries, 48 patients (24.7%); Type 3: 2 apicoanterior segmental arteries, 1 ascending segmental artery, 28 patients (14.4%); Type 4: 2 apicoanterior segmental arteries, 2 ascending segmental arteries, 9 patients (4.6%); Type 5: 1 apicoanterior segmental artery only, 6 patients (3.1%); Type 6: 1 apicoanterior segmental artery, 3 ascending segmental arteries, 3 patients (1.5%); Type 7: 4 apicoanterior segmental arteries, 1 ascending segmental artery, 1 patient (0.5%); Type 8: 3 apicoanterior segmental arteries, 1 ascending segmental artery, 1 patient (0.5%); Type 9: 2 apicoanterior segmental arteries, 1 patient (0.5%); Type 10: 3 apicoanterior segmental arteries, 2 ascending segmental arteries, 1 patient (0.5%). Conclusion The types of pulmonary artery branches are predictable in some way. It would be helpful to reduce the risk of pulmonary artery injury and improve the operation safety by following the rules. Variations of pulmonary artery should be noticed to avoid the major bleeding due to the pulmonary artery injury.