目的 评估多普勒超声引导的痔上动脉结扎治疗Ⅱ、Ⅲ度内痔的临床应用价值。方法 对2009 年4～9月期间在我科行多普勒超声引导的痔上动脉结扎的49 例Ⅱ、Ⅲ度内痔患者从术后肛门括约肌功能、症状有效改善情况、疼痛程度及完全恢复正常生活所需时间方面进行评价。结果 术后无患者出现肛门括约肌功能失调；术后1 周、1 个月及3 个月Ⅱ、Ⅲ度内痔分别有77.8%(42/54)、87.0%(47/54)、92.6%(50/54)和59.4%(19/32)、71.9%(23/32)、78.1%(25/32)的患者单项症状得到有效改善； 术后6 h及24 h VAS 法疼痛程度评分平均分分别为1.95分和1.63分； 患者完全恢复正常生活所需时间平均为术后2.98 d。结论 多普勒超声引导的痔上动脉结扎治疗Ⅱ、Ⅲ度内痔安全有效，术后疼痛较轻且可以较快地完全恢复正常生活。
Understanding the mass transfer behaviors in hollow fiber membrane module of artificial liver is important for improving toxin removal efficiency. A three-dimensional numerical model was established to study the mass transfer of small molecule bilirubin and macromolecule bovine serum albumin (BSA) in the hollow fiber membrane module. Effects of tube-side flow rate, shell-side flow rate, and hollow fiber length on the mass transfer of bilirubin and BSA were discussed. The simulation results showed that the clearance of bilirubin was significantly affected by both convective and diffusive solute transport, while the clearance of macromolecule BSA was dominated by convective solute transport. The clearance rates of bilirubin and BSA increasd with the increase of tube-side flow rate and hollow fiber length. With the increase of shell-side flow rate, the clearance rate of bilirubin first rose rapidly, then slowly rose to an asymptotic value, while the clearance rate of BSA gradually decreased. The results can provide help for designing structures of hollow fiber membrane module and operation parameters of clinical treatment.